Rapid determination of the volatile components in tobacco by ultrasound‐microwave synergistic extraction coupled to headspace solid‐phase microextraction with gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry

An ultrasound‐microwave synergistic extraction coupled to headspace solid‐phase microextraction was first employed to determine the volatile components in tobacco samples. The method combined the advantages of ultrasound, microwave, and headspace solid‐phase microextraction. The extraction, separation, and enrichment were performed in a single step, which could greatly simplify the operation and reduce the whole pretreatment time. In the developed method, several experimental parameters, such as fiber type, ultrasound power, and irradiation time, were optimized to improve sampling efficiency. Under the optimal conditions, there were 37, 36, 34, and 36 components identified in tobacco from Guizhou, Hunan, Yunnan, and Zimbabwe, respectively, including esters, heterocycles, alkanes, ketones, terpenoids, acids, phenols, and alcohols. The compound types were roughly the same while the contents were varied from different origins due to the disparity of their growing conditions, such as soil, water, and climate. In addition, the ultrasound‐microwave synergistic extraction coupled to headspace solid‐phase microextraction method was compared with the microwave‐assisted extraction coupled to headspace solid‐phase microextraction and headspace solid‐phase microextraction methods. More types of volatile components were obtained by using the ultrasound‐microwave synergistic extraction coupled to headspace solid‐phase microextraction method, moreover, the contents were high. The results indicated that the ultrasound‐microwave synergistic extraction coupled to headspace solid‐phase microextraction technique was a simple, time‐saving and highly efficient approach, which was especially suitable for analysis of the volatile components in tobacco.     

Synthesis and structural characterization of ruthenium(II) complexes bearing phosphine-pyrazolyl based tripod ligands

Phosphine-pyrazolyl based tripod ligands ROCH₂C(CH₂Pz)₂(CH₂PPh₂) (R = H, Me, allyl; Pz = pyrazol-1-yl) were efficiently synthesized and characterized. Reactions of these ligands with [Ru(η⁶-p-cymene)Cl₂]₂ afforded complexes of the type [Ru(η⁶-p-cymene)Cl₂](L) (6-8) in which the ligands exhibit κ¹-P-coordination to the metal center. Complex [Ru(η⁶-p-cymene)Cl₂{Ph₂PCH₂C(CH₂OH)(CH₂Pz)₂}] (6) underwent chloride-dissociation in CH₂Cl₂/MeCN to give complex [RuCl(η⁶-p-cymene){κ²(P,N)-Ph₂PCH₂C(CH₂OH)(CH₂Pz)₂}][Cl] (9). Complexes 6-9 demonstrated poor to moderate catalytic activity in the transfer hydrogenation of acetophenone. All these complexes were fully characterized by analytical and spectroscopic methods and their molecular structures were determined by X-ray crystallographic study.     

Syntheses and anti-HIV activities of (+/-)-norcarbovir and (+/-)-norabacavir

Norcarbovir (1) and norabacavir (2), the desmethylene derivatives of anti-HIV agents carbovir and abacavir, were efficiently synthesized from a common intermediate . Their antitumor and antiviral activities were evaluated and the results indicate norabacavir showed comparable anti-HIV activity to that of abacavir.     

β-MnO_2和α-Mn_2O_3纳米棒的自牺牲模板法制备、表征和应用

在150℃下,仅以高锰酸钾溶液和无水乙醇为原料,通过水热反应合成前驱体γ-Mn OOH纳米棒.以γ-Mn OOH纳米棒为自牺牲模板,分别在350和600℃下煅烧90 min,制备出高纯度的β-Mn O2和α-Mn2O3纳米棒.采用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)及热重分析(TGA)等对所制备的样品进行表征.结果表明,前驱物γ-Mn OOH为高纯度的纳米棒状晶体,直径约100~300 nm,长度可达数微米,且终产物β-Mn O2和α-Mn2O3均具有较高的纯度,也很好地保持了前驱物的纳米棒状结构.以二者为锰源,通过固相反应合成出尖晶石Li Mn2O4正极材料.当充放电倍率为0.5 C时,其首次放电比容量分别可达到120.4和123.9 m A·h/g,而且表现出良好的循环性能和倍率性能.     

Seamlessly transformable hybrid packet and circuit switching for efficient optical networks

Efforts in realizing all-optical packet switching are overwhelming in the past decade. While optical packet switching remains an attractive switching paradigm in the long run, technical challenges prohibit it from becoming a practical solution for the ever-growing bandwidth hunger during the next few years. Finding a technically viable way to meet the increasing capacity requirement with good scalability and flexibility becomes a clear pursue for the community. Hybrid packet and circuit switching is considered to be one promising technique in realizing high performance switching at low cost and less energy consumption, by taking the advantage of both packet switching and circuit switching. In this paper, we review existing work in hybrid optical packet and circuit switching. We discuss the key technical challenges in realizing hybrid optical packet and circuit switching. We further introduce our ongoing efforts in building a seamlessly transformable packet/circuit-switching node with hybrid optical and electronic components. We show that in a hybrid node, the scheduling complexity with typical scheduling algorithms may be reduced to half of a node running in full packet switching mode.     

Super duality and irreducible characters of ortho-symplectic Lie superalgebras

We formulate and establish a super duality which connects parabolic categories O for the ortho-symplectic Lie superalgebras and classical Lie algebras of BCD types. This provides a complete and conceptual solution of the irreducible character problem for the ortho-symplectic Lie superalgebras in a parabolic category O, which includes all finite dimensional irreducible modules, in terms of classical Kazhdan-Lusztig polynomials.     

高效液相色谱法同时测定榨菜中的10种食品添加剂

建立了高效液相色谱法直接测定榨菜中的防腐剂、甜味剂、合成着色剂的方法.采用C18柱以甲醇-乙酸按(0.02 mot/L)为流动相,紫外检测波长为230,254 nm,可在25 min内将苯甲酸、山梨酸、脱氮乙酸、对羟基苯甲酸乙酯、对羟基苯甲酸丙酯、糖精钠、乙酰磺胺酸钾(安赛蜜)、天门冬酰苯丙胺酸甲酯(阿斯巴甜)、柠檬黄...     

Aminopropyl-functionalized ethane-bridged periodic mesoporous organosilica spheres: preparation and application in liquid chromatography

A synthetic approach for synthesizing spherical aminopropyl-functionalized ethane-bridged periodic mesoporous organosilicas (APEPMOs) is reported. The mesoporous material was prepared by a one-step co-condensation of 1,2-bis(triethoxysilyl)ethane (BTSE) and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) using cetyltrimethylammonium chlorine (C(18)TACl) as a template with the aid of a co-solvent (methanol) in basic medium. The APEPMOs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), nitrogen sorption measurement, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and elemental analysis. It was shown that this material exhibited spherical morphology, ordered cubic mesostructure and good mechanical strength. The APEPMOs were tested as a potential stationary phase for liquid chromatography (LC) because the column exhibited reduced back pressure. Moreover, they exhibited good chemical stability in basic mobile phase, which can be ascribed to the ethane groups in the mesoporous framework.     

Microwave-assisted synthesis of hydrophilic BaYF5:Tb/Ce,Tb green fluorescent colloid nanocrystals

Hydrophilic Ce, Tb doped BaYF(5) nanocrystals with uniform size were synthesized by a microwave-assisted route. The synthesized nanocrystals can be well dispersed in hydrophilic solutions (DMSO, DMF, EG, H(2)O). This synthesis procedure represents a less time consuming method, with high product yield and without using any assistant or/and template reagents, which may be expected to be a general method for rapid synthesis of other hydrophilic RE doped fluoride fluorescent nanocrystals. The Ce(3+), Tb(3+) codoped BaYF(5) nanocrystals show bright green fluorescence emission. The Ce(3+) acts as an effective energy transfer medium and the emission at the high (5)D(3) energy level of Tb is enhanced in this host material.     

重离子加速器示范装置被动式束流配送系统次级中子特征的蒙特卡罗研究

在碳离子放射治疗中,碳离子束在剂量配送过程中会与束流输运线相互作用,形成以中子辐射为主的外辐射场.由于中子是高LET射线,具有较高的相对生物学效应,减少碳离子放疗中产生的次级中子有助于降低放疗后正常组织并发症几率及二次肿瘤风险.利用蒙特卡罗方法对保守情况(能量为400 MeV/u,多叶光栅完全闭合)下碳离子治疗被动式束...