High-performance potassium poly(heptazine imide) films for photoelectrochemical water splitting

Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting is an appealing approach by which to convert solar energy into hydrogen fuel. Polymeric semiconductors have recently attracted intense interest of many scientists for PEC water splitting. The crystallinity of polymer films is regarded as the main factor that determines the conversion efficiency. Herein, potassium poly(heptazine) imide (K-PHI) films with improved crystallinity were in situ prepared on a conductive substrate as a photoanode for solar-driven water splitting. A remarkable photocurrent density of ca. 0.80 mA cm⁻² was achieved under air mass 1.5 global illumination without the use of any sacrificial agent, a performance that is ca. 20 times higher than that of the photoanode in an amorphous state, and higher than those of other related polymeric photoanodes. The boosted performance can be attributed to improved charge transfer, which has been investigated using steady state and operando approaches. This work elucidates the pivotal importance of the crystallinity of conjugated polymer semiconductors for PEC water splitting and other advanced photocatalytic applications.

Potassium poly(heptazine imide) photoanode is synthesized, and owing to the improved crystallinity, it has presented a remarkable performance for solar-driven water splitting.     

Rapid Identification for the Pterocarpus Bracelet by Three-Step Infrared Spectrum Method

In order to explore a rapid identification method for the anti-counterfeit of commercial high value collections, a three-step infrared spectrum method was used for the pterocarpus collection identification to confirm whether a commercial pterocarpus bracelet (PB) was made from the precious species of Pterocarpus santalinus (P. santalinus). In the first step, undertaken by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectrum, the absorption peaks intensity of PB was slightly higher than that of P. santalinus only at 1594 cm⁻¹, 1205 cm⁻¹, 1155 cm⁻¹ and 836 cm⁻¹. In the next step of second derivative IR spectra (SDIR), the FTIR features of the tested samples were further amplified, and the peaks at 1600 cm⁻¹, 1171 cm⁻¹ and 1152 cm⁻¹ become clearly defined in PB. Finally, by means of two-dimensional correlation infrared (2DIR) spectrum, it revealed that the response of holocellulose to thermal perturbation was stronger in P. santalinus than that in PB mainly at 977 cm⁻¹, 1008 cm⁻¹, 1100 cm⁻¹, 1057 cm⁻¹, 1190 cm⁻¹ and 1214 cm⁻¹, while the aromatic functional groups of PB were much more sensitive to the thermal perturbation than those of P. santalinus mainly at 1456 cm⁻¹, 1467 cm⁻¹, 1518 cm⁻¹, 1558 cm⁻¹, 1576 cm⁻¹ and 1605 cm⁻¹. In addition, fluorescence microscopy was used to verify the effectiveness of the above method for wood identification and the results showed good consistency. This study demonstrated that the three-step IR method could provide a rapid and effective way for the anti-counterfeit of pterocarpus collections.     

Determination of Acetonitrile Volume Fraction in Mobile Phase by HPLC

This paper reports the development and validation of an assay for the determination of acetonitrile in the recycled mobile phase using high performance liquid chromatography（HPLC）. The method is based on that the retention in reversed-phase liquid chromatography increases with decreasing concentration of organic phase in the mobile phase. The natural logarithm of the capacity ratio for a given solute is linearly related to the volume fraction of the organic modifier in the mobile phase. For dimethylphthalate and diethylphthalate, the linearity range is 30%--60%, and for biphenyl and terphenyl, the range is 60%--95%. Precision values（RSD） were both 〈1% and the accuracy（RE） was in the range of ±1%. The assay was successfully applied to the determination of acetonitrile concentration of recycled mobile phase after the distillation of the column eluent in our laboratory.     

PVC/MBS/纳米 BaSO4 复合材料的制备及其性能

采用熔融共混法制备聚氯乙烯(PVC)/甲基丙烯酸甲酯-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(MBS)/纳米重晶石(nano-BaSO4)三元复合材料,考察其力学性能和热稳定性能,并用扫描电镜观察冲击断面的形态.结果表明:MBS 与 nano-BaSO4 可协同增韧 PVC;当 MBS、nano-BaSO4 的含量分别为 10%、1%时,材料的韧性和刚性可同时得以改善,其冲击断面表现出典型的韧性断裂特征;热重分析显示添加 1%nano-BaSO4 可显著提高 PVC/MBS 的热稳定性能,其第一降解阶段的初始分解温度和最快分解温度分别提高了 10℃和14℃.     

金红石TiO_2中本征缺陷扩散性质的第一性原理计算

基于密度泛函理论的爬坡弹性带方法,对金红石相二氧化钛晶体中钛间隙、钛空位、氧间隙、氧空位4种本征缺陷的扩散特征进行了研究.对比4种本征缺陷在晶格内部沿不同扩散路径的过渡态势垒后发现,缺陷扩散过程呈现出明显的各向异性.其中,钛间隙和氧间隙沿[001]方向具有最小的扩散势垒路径,激活能分别为0.505 eV和0.859 eV;氧空位和钛空位的势垒最小的扩散路径分别沿[110]方向和[111]方向,激活能分别为0.735 eV和2.375 eV.     

Pogostone Enhances the Antibacterial Activity of Colistin against MCR-1-Positive Bacteria by Inhibiting the Biological Function of MCR-1

The emergence of the plasmid-mediated colistin resistance gene mcr-1 has resulted in the loss of available treatments for certain severe infections. Here we identified a potential inhibitor of MCR-1 for the treatment of infections caused by MCR-1-positive drug-resistant bacteria, especially MCR-1-positive carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE). A checkerboard minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) test, a killing curve test, a growth curve test, bacterial live/dead assays, scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis, cytotoxicity tests, molecular dynamics simulation analysis, and animal studies were used to confirm the in vivo/in vitro synergistic effects of pogostone and colistin. The results showed that pogostone could restore the bactericidal activity of colistin against all tested MCR-1-positive bacterial strains or MCR-1 mutant–positive bacterial strains (FIC < 0.5). Pogostone does not inhibit the expression of MCR-1. Rather, it inhibits the binding of MCR-1 to substrates by binding to amino acids in the active region of MCR-1, thus inhibiting the biological activity of MCR-1 and its mutants (such as MCR-3). An in vivo mouse systemic infection model, pogostone in combination with colistin resulted in 80.0% (the survival rates after monotherapy with colistin or pogostone alone were 33.3% and 40.0%) survival at 72 h after infection of MCR-1-positve Escherichia coli (E. coli) ZJ487 (blaNDM-1-carrying), and pogostone in combination with colistin led to one or more order of magnitude decreases in the bacterial burdens in the liver, spleen and kidney compared with pogostone or colistin alone. Our results confirm that pogostone is a potential inhibitor of MCR-1 for use in combination with polymyxin for the treatment of severe infections caused by MCR-1-positive Enterobacteriaceae.     

全球治理困境与国家“再现”的最终逻辑

在全球治理危机频现和大国战略竞争加剧的背景下,“国家中心主义”回归引发了人们对经济全球化走势的担忧。本轮国家中心主义回归的逻辑是：此前自由主义全球化的过度发展导致国家功能隐退;而当全球治理状况恶化时,国家的重要性再度凸现,成为各国社会谋求自我体系安全的唯一“阀门”,民族主义、保护主义思潮亦大行其道。从中期看,未来的全球体系重建过程将充满国家中心主义与自由主义两种理性的持续角力,国家与市场的作用都将在“拉锯战”相互影响与重塑。从远期看,新型全球化将是国家与市场关系再平衡的产物,国家仍是兼具服务本民族发展及其外部性的主要工具。国家处理内外发展与治理多重挑战的“灵活度”即为评判其核心竞争力的最终标准。     

Klein–Nishina Effect and the Cosmic Ray Electron Spectrum

Radiative energy losses are very important in regulating the cosmic ray electron and/or positron(CRE) spectrum during their propagation in the Milky Way. Particularly, the Klein–Nishina(KN) effect of the inverse Compton scattering(ICS) results in less efficient energy losses of high-energy electrons, which is expected to leave imprints on the propagated electron spectrum. It has been proposed that the hardening of CRE spectra around 50 GeV observed by Fermi-LAT, AMS-02, and DAMPE could be due to the KN effect. We show in this work that the transition from the Thomson regime to the KN regime of the ICS is actually quite smooth compared with the approximate treatment adopted in some previous works. As a result, the observed spectral hardening of CREs cannot be explained by the KN effect. It means that an additional hardening of the primary electrons spectrum is needed. We also provide a parameterized form for the accurate calculation of the ICS energy-loss rate in a wide energy range.     

The behavior of technetium in technetium-scrubbing stage of PUREX process

Technetium decontamination factor as a function of the acidity, flow ratio, scrubbing stage number was investigated by counter-current cascade experiments or mixer-settler batch tests. Results showed that the acidity of the scrubbing acid has little influence on the decontamination factor of technetium when the acidity was kept in the range of 4.5–6 M. The most effective method to increase the decontamination factor is to lower the feed-to-acid flow ratio. Keeping other condition same the factor increased to 10.3 from 3.1 when feed-to-acid ratio changed to 4 from 5.6. The loss of uranium and plutonium can be recovered through a re-extraction technology.     

Synthesis, Structure and H+/K+-ATPase Inhibitory Activity of Novel Triazolyl Substituted Tetrahydrobenzofuran Derivatives via One-pot Three-component Click Reaction

Eleven triazolyl substituted tetrahydrobenzofuran derivatives were synthesized in high yields as novel H⁺/K⁺‐ATPase inhibitor via one‐pot CuI‐catalyzed three‐component click reaction of azide, secondary amine and 3‐bromopropyne under mild conditions in water. Their structures were characterized by NMR, IR, ESI‐MS, elemental analysis and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. Most of the target compounds exhibited better H⁺/K⁺‐ATPase inhibitory activity than commercial omeprazole with IC₅₀ values less than 15 µmol·L^?1. The initial structure‐activity analysis suggested that the triazole substituted by cycloalkyl, aromatic ring or O‐containing side‐chain seemed to be beneficial for enhancing the activity.