A Universal DNA Aptamer that Recognizes Spike Proteins of Diverse SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern

We report on a unique DNA aptamer, denoted MSA52, that displays universally high affinity for the spike proteins of wildtype SARS-CoV-2 as well as the Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Epsilon, Kappa, Delta and Omicron variants. Using an aptamer pool produced from round 13 of selection against the S1 domain of the wildtype spike protein, we carried out one-round SELEX experiments using five different trimeric spike proteins from variants, followed by high-throughput sequencing and sequence alignment analysis of aptamers that formed complexes with all proteins. A previously unidentified aptamer, MSA52, showed K_d values ranging from 2 to 10 nM for all variant spike proteins, and also bound similarly to variants not present in the reselection experiments. This aptamer also recognized pseudotyped lentiviruses (PL) expressing eight different spike proteins of SARS-CoV-2 with K_d values between 20 and 50 pM, and was integrated into a simple colorimetric assay for detection of multiple PL variants. This discovery provides evidence that aptamers can be generated with high affinity to multiple variants of a single protein, including emerging variants, making it well-suited for molecular recognition of rapidly evolving targets such as those found in SARS-CoV-2.     

Immuno‐Chemotherapeutic Platinum(IV) Prodrugs of Cisplatin as Multimodal Anticancer Agents

There is growing consensus that the clinical therapeutic efficacy of some chemotherapeutic agents depends on their off‐target immune‐modulating effects. Pt anticancer drugs have previously been identified to be potent immunomodulators of both the innate and the adaptive immune system. Nevertheless, there has been little development in the rational design of Pt‐based chemotherapeutic agents to exploit their immune‐activating capabilities. The FPR1/2 formyl peptide receptors are highly expressed in immune cells, as well as in many metastatic cancers. Herein, we report a rationally designed multimodal Pt^IV prodrug containing a FPR1/2‐targeting peptide that combines chemotherapy with immunotherapy to achieve therapeutic synergy and demonstrate the feasibility of this approach.     

Engineering the Atomic Interface with Single Platinum Atoms for Enhanced Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production

It is highly desirable but challenging to optimize the structure of photocatalysts at the atomic scale to facilitate the separation of electron–hole pairs for enhanced performance. Now, a highly efficient photocatalyst is formed by assembling single Pt atoms on a defective TiO₂ support (Pt₁/def‐TiO₂). Apart from being proton reduction sites, single Pt atoms promote the neighboring TiO₂ units to generate surface oxygen vacancies and form a Pt‐O‐Ti³⁺ atomic interface. Experimental results and density functional theory calculations demonstrate that the Pt‐O‐Ti³⁺ atomic interface effectively facilitates photogenerated electrons to transfer from Ti³⁺ defective sites to single Pt atoms, thereby enhancing the separation of electron–hole pairs. This unique structure makes Pt₁/def‐TiO₂ exhibit a record‐level photocatalytic hydrogen production performance with an unexpectedly high turnover frequency of 51423 h^?1, exceeding the Pt nanoparticle supported TiO₂ catalyst by a factor of 591.     

Electroreductive Cobalt‐Catalyzed Carboxylation: Cross‐Electrophile Electrocoupling with Atmospheric CO2

The chemical use of CO₂ as an inexpensive, nontoxic C1 synthon is of utmost topical interest in the context of carbon capture and utilization (CCU). We present the merger of cobalt catalysis and electrochemical synthesis for mild catalytic carboxylations of allylic chlorides with CO₂. Styrylacetic acid derivatives were obtained with moderate to good yields and good functional group tolerance. The thus‐obtained products are useful as versatile synthons of γ‐arylbutyrolactones. Cyclic voltammetry and in operando kinetic analysis were performed to provide mechanistic insights into the electrocatalytic carboxylation with CO₂.     

基于发光二极管探测器的太阳光度计的研究

介绍了一种采用商用发光二极管作为探测器的新型太阳光度计。阐述了系统的结构以及该仪器在监测气溶胶光学厚度领域的应用,并与传统的太阳光度计进行了对比试验。试验表明,两种仪器具有很好的一致性。     

A look at multiparticle production via modified combinants

The European Physical Journal A - The transverse momentum ($$p_{T}$$) distribution of strange hadrons ($$K_{S}^{0}$$ and $$\varLambda $$) and multi-strange hadrons( $$\varXi $$ and $$\varOmega $$)...     

保温层结构对感应加热制备太阳能级多晶硅影响的数值模拟研究

定向凝固技术是制备太阳能级多晶硅的主要制备技术.在该技术路线之中,优化多晶铸锭炉的热场结构和控制硅熔体的对流形态是获得高品质多晶硅的有效途径之一.本文设计了三种热场保温层,通过分析不同保温层下坩埚内硅熔体的热场、流场、固液界面、氧含量等的变化,确定了优化的保温层结构.研究发现,在传统固化碳毡保温层中引入石墨层可以使多晶炉内形成两个“热源”,提高多晶炉的热效率,使其能耗降低了38.5;;在洛伦兹力的作用下硅熔体中仅存在一个上下贯通的涡流,有利于硅中杂质原子的挥发.同时,添加石墨保温层后固液界面的形状由“W”状转变为凹状,其上的氧含量有所降低,并且V/Gn值在整个固液界面范围内均大于临界值,可以有效抑制氧沉淀.可见,在感应加热多晶硅生长系统中,采用固化碳毡+石墨保温层时,有利于降低多晶硅的生产成本并提高多晶硅的品质.     

地质样品中岩性自动分类X－射线荧光光谱分析研究

鉴于地质样品岩性变化大，容易引起对Ｘ－射线荧光分析准确度的影响，尤其是主、次量元素受影响更大，因此，作者提出了岩性自动分类，交互有效－基本参数法分析地质样品中主、次量元素，并与原有的经验系数和其它方法进行了比较．结果表明本方法的准确度更好些，对岩性的变化具有更好的适应能力     

纤维素溶剂研究进展

概述了纤维素溶剂的重要研究进展,主要包括N-甲基吗啉-N-氧化物(NMMO)在85℃以上高温可破坏纤维素分子间氢键,导致溶解;氯化锂/二甲基乙酰胺(LiCl/DMAc)在100℃以上可溶解纤维素;1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑盐酸盐([BMIM]Cl)和1-烯丙基-3-甲基咪唑盐酸盐([AMIM]Cl)离子液体,含强氢键受体Cl-离子,通过它们与纤维素羟基作用而引起溶解.氨基甲酸酯体系则是通过尿素与纤维素在100℃以上反应转变为纤维素氨基甲酸酯,然后再溶解于NaOH水溶液中;氢氧化钠/水体系,只能溶解结晶度和聚合度较低的纤维素;NaOH/尿素、NaOH/硫脲和LiOH/尿素水溶液体系,它们预冷至-5~-12℃后可迅速溶解纤维素.主要是通过低温产生小分子和大分子间新的氢键网络结构,导致纤维素分子内和分子间氢键的破坏而溶解,同时尿素或者硫脲作为包合物客体阻止纤维素分子自聚集使纤维素溶液较稳定.低温溶解技术不仅突破了加热溶解的传统方法,而且可推进化学"绿色化"进程.共引用参考文献50篇.     

聚阳离子糖缀物氢键诱导TPPS手性聚集

利用原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)方法制备了亲水性嵌段聚合物聚乙二醇-b-聚甲基丙烯酸N,N-二甲氨基乙酯(PEG-b-PDMAEMA),并通过季铵化反应,得到侧链接枝不同单糖分子(葡萄糖、半乳糖、甘露糖)的聚阳离子糖缀物PEG-b-P(DMAEMA-co-DMAEMA-Sac)(Monosaccharide).研究了该聚合物与5,10,15,20-四(对磺酸基苯基)-卟啉(TPPS)在水溶液中的复合自组装行为.研究结果表明,TPPS在该组装体中以J-聚集体形式存在且显示超分子手性特征.手性信号的产生是聚合物侧链糖单元C(4)和C(5)上的羟基与TPPS通过非共价键——氢键相互作用的结果,因此手性信号方向应与糖单元构型有关.通过对比单糖构型发现,具有(4S,5R)构型的糖单元可诱导TPPS产生424 nm正Cotton效应和490 nm负Cotton效应的聚集体,具有(4R,5R)构型的糖单元可诱导TPPS产生424 nm负Cotton效应和490 nm正Cotton效应的聚集体.