A nonclassical LIL for geometrically weighted series in Banach space

Let {X, Xn ; n ≥ 0} be a sequence of independent and identically distributed random variables, taking values in a separable Banach space (B,||·||) with topological dual B* . Considering the geometrically weighted series ξ(β) =∑∞n=0βnXn for 0 β 1, and a sequence of positive constants {h(n), n ≥ 1}, which is monotonically approaching infinity and not asymptotically equivalent to log log n, a limit result for(1-β2)1/2||ξ(β)||/(2h(1/(1-β2)))1/2 is achieved.     

On properties of discrete (r, q) and (s, T) inventory systems

We consider single-item (r, q) and (s, T) inventory systems with integer-valued demand processes. While most of the inventory literature studies continuous approximations of these models and establishes joint convexity properties of the policy parameters in the continuous space, we show that these properties no longer hold in the discrete space, in the sense of linear interpolation extension and L^?-convexity. This nonconvexity can lead to failure of optimization techniques based on local optimality to obtain the optimal inventory policies. It can also make certain comparative properties established previously using continuous variables invalid. We revise these properties in the discrete space.     

Palladium nanoparticles stabilized by an ionic polymer and ionic liquid: a versatile system for C-C cross-coupling reactions

Highly stable palladium nanoparticles (Pd NPs), protected by an imidazolium-based ionic polymer (IP) in a functionalized ionic liquid (IL), have been prepared and characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). These Pd NPs are excellent precatalysts for Suzuki, Heck, and Stille coupling reactions and can be stored without undergoing degradation for at least 2 years. The NP-IP-IL system may therefore be considered as an alternative to the traditional palladium on carbon (Pd/C) precatalyst employed in many C-C coupling reactions, also allowing reactions to be conducted under "solvent-free" conditions.     

Pd-catalyzed, Cu(I)-mediated cross-couplings of bisarylthiocyclobutenediones with boronic acids and organostannanes

Bisarylthiocyclobutenedione 7 reacted smoothly with a variety of both organostannanes and (hetero)arylboronic acids in the presence of a catalytic amount of Pd and a stoichiometric amount of CuTC to produce symmetrical disubstituted cyclobutenediones in yields that range from 37 to 94% (18 examples).     

近红外激光照射人体合谷穴与非穴位区的温度和背向散射光强度的时间相关性比较研究

研究了人体合谷穴以及周边的非穴位组织受不同功率的半导体激光(808 nm功率分别为15,25,35 mW)照射前后,穴位和非穴位组织的温度和在不同深度处的背向散射光强度的时间相关性及其差异。实验采用红外热成像和光相干层析成像技术获取人体穴位区和非穴位区的温度及其背向散射光强度。结果表明,在808 nm激光照射前,穴位区和非穴位区的温度和背向散射光强是基本相同,照射后,穴位区的温度和背向散射光强明显地高于非穴位区的温度。在照射后的0～40 min内,穴位区和非穴位区的温度和背向散射光强都随着时间的增加而波动地缓慢下降。实验结果表明,合谷穴的穴位区与非穴位区对近红外激光照射前后的温度与时间的相关性和不同深度处的背向散射光强度的时间相关性有明显的差异,且穴位区对半导体激光器的照射反应比非穴位区更敏感。     

Vertical dynamic response of non-uniform motion of high-speed rails

In this paper, a computational study using the moving element method (MEM) is carried out to investigate the dynamic response of a high-speed rail (HSR) traveling at non-uniform speeds. A new and exact formulation for calculating the generalized mass, damping and stiffness matrices of the moving element is proposed. Two wheel–rail contact models are examined. One is linear and the other nonlinear. A parametric study is carried out to understand the effects of various factors on the dynamic amplification factor (DAF) in contact force between the wheel and rail such as the amplitude of acceleration/deceleration of the train, the severity of railhead roughness and the wheel load. Resonance in the vibration response can possibly occur at various stages of the journey of the HSR when the speed of the train matches the resonance speed. As to be expected, the DAF in contact force peaks when resonance occurs. The effects of the severity of railhead roughness and the wheel load on the occurrence of the jumping wheel phenomenon, which occurs when there is a momentary loss of contact between the wheel and track, are investigated.