锡苯和铅苯二聚反应的理论研究

采用密度泛函理论B3LYP方法,研究了锡苯和铅苯的[2+2],[4+2]及[4+4]二聚反应的微观机理和势能剖面,考察了Sn(Pb)原子上的2,4,6-三甲基苯基(Mes)取代基对反应势能剖面的影响.研究结果表明,所有反应均为协同过程,且大多数情况下,2个C—Sn(Pb)键同步形成.[2+2]和[4+2]反应在热力学和动力学上均比相应的[4+4]反应容易进行,而[4+2]反应在动力学上比相应的[2+2]反应有利.Sn(Pb)原子上的Mes取代基在热力学和动力学上均不利于反应的进行.铅苯的动力学稳定性与锡苯相当,但其热力学稳定性高于锡苯.     

Efficient Approximation of the Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem in a Metric Space of an Arbitrary Fixed Doubling Dimension

Doklady Mathematics - In this paper, for the first time, we provide a quasi-polynomial time approximation scheme for the well-known capacitated vehicle routing problem formulated in metric spaces...     

基于DIS数字信息化系统对透光物质透光性能的研究

采用DIS数字信息化系统,对不同浓度的蓝墨水溶液在激光光源照射下的透射平均照度及照度分布图像进行实验研究,得到了平均照度值随溶液浓度变化的规律。对不同颜色塑料膜片对白炽灯光源透过照度值及照度分布图像进行实验研究得到及其相关之规律。     

焦炉上升管内壁结焦炭层的光谱学分析及结焦机理研究

以焦炉上升管内壁结焦炭层块为研究对象，采用X射线荧光光谱仪（XRF）、X射线衍射仪（XRD）、傅里叶红外光谱仪（FTIR）和激光共聚焦拉曼光谱仪（Raman）对结焦炭层的元素组成，以及各结焦炭层的矿物组成、组成结构和分子结构进行测试。分析从结焦炭层块外表面向内表面过渡的各结焦炭层的差异性，揭示焦炉上升管内壁结焦机理。结果表明焦炉上升管内粉尘中Fe，S和Cr极易催化荒煤气中蒽、萘等稠环芳烃化合物成炭，在焦炉上升管内壁形成炭颗粒沉积，为焦油凝结挂壁提供载体，在荒煤气温度降至结焦温度时易结焦积碳。结焦炭层均含有芳香层结构，随着结焦炭层从外表面向内表面过渡，各结焦炭层的面层间距(d₀₀₂)逐渐降低、层片直径(L_a)先降低后增加、层片堆砌高度(Lc)和芳香层数(N)先稳定后增加。结焦炭层石墨化过程是由结焦炭层内表面向外表面进行，主要包括其片层外缘的羧基和部分C-O结构的降解剥离，从而形成高度规整的共轭结构。结焦炭层块中C元素是以结晶碳与无定型碳的混合物形式存在。以上研究为解决焦炉上升管内壁结焦及腐蚀问题，提高换热器换热效率，有效回收焦炉荒煤气显热，降低焦化企业能耗提供实验基础和理论依据。     

Temperature effects on surface activity and application in oxidation of toluene derivatives of CTAB-SDS with KMnO4

The γ_cmc values of CTAB-SDS decrease from 63.67 mN/m at 10‡C to 36.38 mN/m at 90‡C, slightly lower than those of either CTAB or SDS. Correspondingly, the CMC of CTAB-SDS decreases almost by half. The increase of surface activity of CTAB-SDS can be attributed to the relatively weak electrostatic interaction at high temperature, which is supported by the increase of solubility of CTAB-SDS with rise in temperature. Catalytic effect on oxidation of toluene derivatives with potassium permanganate follows the order CTAB-SDS > SDS > CTAB. This is not caused by the dissociative effect of CTAB-SDS with low surface activity at low temperature, as seen from the fact that almost all oxidative products can be retrieved for different toluene derivatives and surfactants by mimicking the conditions of reaction. In the emulsifications of toluene derivatives at 90‡C, the time that turbid water layers of surfactant solutions take to become clear is the same as that of the catalytic effect on oxidation of toluene derivatives. Thus, it can be inferred that surfactants can improve the oxidation yields of toluene derivatives by increasing the contact between two reacting phases.     

Carbon adsorbents for the sorpting and concentrating nobel metals

Kinetic, sorption and selectivity properties of commercial adsorbents are improved by adding petroleum residues (tar asphaltene concentrates) 13% of whole mass. Obtained adsorbents can be used for selective extraction of nobel metals from multicomponent polymetallic solutions of heavy metals and fro sewages purification for removing arsenic.     

含气率对PTS时压力容器内流动与传热的影响

本文对反应堆压力容器紧急安注时的流动与传热特性在1/10的模型上进行了流动可视化、局部传热系数以及混合函数的试验研究。针对三个热冲击敏感区域的部分测点,比较了环腔流速为0.5m/s、安注流速为1～30 m/s时不同含气率对下降环腔内流动与传热特性的影响,得出并分析了不同测点传热系数、混合函数的变化规律。研究结果表明:随着含气率增大,安注流体与环腔流体的混合增强;下降环腔内的含气率对小安注流速时的流动与传热影响显著,而对大安注流速时影响较小。     

Effect of phonon scattering from neutral and charged impurity centers on the lattice heat conductivity of PbTe:(Tl, Na)

Experimental data on the effect of thallium and sodium impurities on the lattice heat conductivity of PbTe at room temperature are reported. Because the lattice of lead chalcogenides is strongly polarized near charged impurities, the effect of impurities on the lattice heat conductivity depends substantially on their charge state. This property of the material has been used to determine the charge state of the thallium impurity in PbTe. The results obtained argue for a model of quasi-local thallium-impurity states which assumes low electron-correlation energy at an impurity center. Fiz. Tverd. Tela (St. Petersburg) 40, 1206–1208 (July 1998)     

Electron as the eigenstate of curvilinear space with torsion

Ideas previously enunciated by the author about the physical interpretation of curvilinear space with torsion are developed. With the new equations describing the eigenstates of such a space, the static centrosymmetric solution for gravitational and electric fields can be made consistent with the Newton and Coulomb laws. The asymptotic behavior of the axisymmetric solution at infinity is studied. The gyromagnetic ratio obtained is characteristic of the electron. Ural State University. Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 5, p. 56–60, May, 1998.