Mechanistic models for flow regime transitions and drag forces proposed in an earlier work are employed to predict two-phase flow characteristics in multi-dimensional porous layers. The numerical scheme calls for elimination of velocities in favor of pressure and void fraction. The momentum equations for vapor and liquid then can be reduced to a system of two partial differential equations (PDEs) which must be solved simultaneously for pressure and void fraction.
Solutions are obtained both in two-dimensional cartesian and in axi-symmetric coordinate systems. The porous layers in both cases are composed of regions with different permeabilities. The finite element method is employed by casting the PDEs in their equivalent variational forms. Two classes of boundary conditions (specified pressure and specified fluid fluxes) can be incorporated in the solution. Volumetric heating can be included as a source term. The numerical procedure is thus suitable for a wide variety of geometry and heating conditions. Numerical solutions are also compared with available experimental data. 相似文献
Journal of Fluorescence - Herein, a novel N-(4-(tert-butyl)-phenyl)-2-chloroacetamide functionalized thiacalix[4]arene architecture, viz TCAN2PA has been synthesized and the sensing behaviour... 相似文献
Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology - Hematite (α-Fe2O3) particles with varying morphology (rods, spherical, and cubical shapes) were synthesized using sol–gel procedure by... 相似文献
In this work, the drag coefficient and the void fraction around a tube subjected to two-phase cross flow were studied for a single tube and for a tube placed in an array. The drag coefficients were determined by measuring the pressure distribution around the perimeter of the tube. Single tube drag data were taken when the tube was held both rigidly and flexibly. The test tube was made of acrylic and was 2.2 cm in diameter and 20 cm in length. In the experiments, liquid Reynolds number ranged from 430 to 21,900 for the single tube and liquid gap Reynolds number ranged from 32,900 and 61,600 for the tube placed in a triangular array. Free stream void fraction was varied from 0 to 0.4. At low Reynolds numbers, the ratio of two-phase to single-phase drag coefficient is found to be a strong function of εGr/Re2. However, at high Reynolds numbers only void fraction is the important parameter. Empirical correlations have been developed for the ratio of two-phase drag on a single tube and on a tube placed in an array. 相似文献
New self-assembled material (Ru@SC) with ruthenium nanoparticles (Ru NPs) and 4-sulfocalix[4]arene (SC) is synthesized in water at room temperature. Ru@SC is characterized by thermal gravimetric analysis, FT-IR, powder x-ray diffraction, TEM and SEM analysis. The size of Ru nanoparticles in the self-assembly is approximately 5 nm. The self-assembled material Ru@SC shows an efficient catalytic reduction of toxic ‘brilliant yellow’ (BY) azo dye. The reduced amine products were successfully separated and confirmed by single-crystal XRD, NMR and UV-Vis spectroscopy. Ru@SC showed a better catalytic activity in comparison with commercial catalysts Ru/C (ruthenium on charcoal 5 %) and Pd/C (palladium on charcoal 5 and 10 %). The catalyst also showed a promising recyclability and heterogeneous nature as a catalyst for reduction of ‘BY’ azo dye.
The growth morphology of crystals of zinc tris(thiourea) sulphate (ZTS) is investigated experimentally, and computed using
the Hartman-Perdok approach. Attachment energies of the observed habit faces are calculated for determining their relative
morphological importance. A computer code is developed for carrying out these calculations. A special procedure is adopted
for computing the cohesive energy of a slice of the structure parallel to any rational crystallographic plane. For estimating
the cohesive energies, formal charges on the experimentally determined atomic positions in the molecules of ZTS are calculated
by ab initio molecular-orbital computations, with wave functions obtained by the Hartree-Fock procedure. Fairly good agreement with the
observed crystal morphology is obtained for a model of growth mechanism in which ZTS is assumed to exist in solution sa szinc
tris(thiourea) ions and sulphate ions. 相似文献
The d + d, t + p and h + n relative wavefunctions and their asymptotic normalizations are considered in the framework of the generator coordinate method
(GCM) and compared with ATMS (amalgamation of two-body correlation into multiple scattering processes) method which used the
realistic Reid soft core interaction. The asymptotic normalization of relative wavefunctions provide various coupling constants,
the cluster probability amplitude (the so-called Z1/2-factor) and matter RMS radii. These wavefunctions are also used to obtain 4He − d − d, 4He − t − p and 4He − h − n vertex functions in the virtual decay of 4He. The extrapolation of vertex functions for negative values of q2 upto the corresponding poles provide the vertex constants which are comparable with other estimates. It is noticed that in
GCM the coupling constants C2 for 4He − d − d vertex is less than 2 as has been obtained in the forward dispersion relation technique. 相似文献
In this paper we study one-dimensional static self-dual non-topological solitons in an Abelian-Higgs Chern–Simons model with a non-canonical kinetic term. We choose a scalar potential with a single minimum and present an analytical soliton solution which corresponds to an electrically charged lump-like soliton without total momentum and located in a region where the scalar field gets maximum. The solitonic boundary conditions impose a discontinuity on the electric field across the soliton line where, then, there is a linear charge density. 相似文献
Synthesis of chalcogen (S and Se) derivatives of 4-chloro- and 4-methoxy-N,N-diisopropylpyridine-2-carboxamide (1a and 1b respectively) has been reported. 1a and 1b were lithiated with 2 equiv. of n-BuLi or LDA at ?78 °C. Addition of elemental sulfur or selenium to the carbanion led to the formation of corresponding thiolate or selenolate anions respectively. The selenolate anions were aerial oxidized to afford the corresponding diselenides. The thiolate/selenolate anions were quenched with a variety of electrophiles to give unsymmetrical thio/selenoalkanes in moderate to good yields. Reductive cleavage of Se–Se bond has also been studied. The synthesized compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, NMR (1H, 13C and 77Se), FT-IR and mass spectral techniques. Crystal structures of two compounds, 6b and 7a, were determined by single crystal X-ray crystallography. Their crystal structure exhibits 1,4-type S?OCH3 and Se?Cl intramolecular secondary interactions respectively. The relative thermal stability of 3a, 3b and 4a has also been established by thermogravimetric analysis. 相似文献