Reactivities of 3-(1-Azolyl)-2-alken-1-ones and the related compounds with pyrrolidine

From the rate constants of the reaction with pyrrolidine, the reactivities of 3-(1-azolyl)-2-alken-1-ones with nucleophiles were evaluated to be rather high. Especially the reactivities of the quaternary salts of 3-(1-imidazolyl)-2-alken-1-ones were nearly equal to those of 3-chloro-2-alken-1-ones. In conclusion, 3-(1-imidazolyl)-2-alken-1-ones satisfied the practical requirements for the starting materials of the synthesis of 3-hetero-substituted 2-alken-1-ones.     

The polarized reflectance spectrum of a novel organic conductor (BEDT-TTF)2ClO4(C2H3Cl3)0.5

The polarized reflectance spectrum of a novel organic conductor, (BEDT-TTF)₂ClO₄(C₂H₃Cl₃)_0.5 was measured at room temperature over the spectral region from 340 cm^-1 to 25000 cm^-1. The reflectance spectrum provided an evidence for the anisotropic two-dimensional character of this material. The optical conductivity spectrum exhibits the existence of an optical band gap of about 0.2 eV, suggesting that this material is a semimetal rather than a metal.     

Generation and characterization of electrons from a gas target irradiated by high-peak-power lasers

We present the results of electron generation experiments conducted at the Advanced Photon Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, using 23-fs relativistically intense 20-TW tightly focused laser pulses with underdense plasma. We observed electron energies up to 40 MeV characterized by a two-temperature Maxwell distribution. With the help of particle-in-cell simulations, we found that these are due to different plasma wave-breaking processes. A charge of 5 nC/shot was obtained at a small solid angle, which corresponds to high peak current generation.     

Reaction cross sections and radii of A=17 and A=20 isobars

Reaction cross sections and root-mean-square (rms) radii of A=17 and A=20 isobars are calculated by using a simplified Glauber model and spherical and deformed Hartree-Fock (HF) wave functions. The small separation energy effect is discussed on the reaction cross sections of A=17 isobars and possible proton halo in ¹⁷Ne by using modified spherical HF wave functions. The calculated rms mass radii of A=20 isobars are increased appreciably by the deformation effect and show a similar irregular pattern as a function of the isospin to that of the observed radii.     

Oxygen nonstoichiometry and phase transitions of the neodymium-rich Nd1+xBa2−xCu3Oz solid solution

On the basis of chemical, thermal analysis and Cu K-edge X-ray absorption measurements, oxygen content in the Nd_1+xBa_2−xCu₃O_z solid solution was determined between 1000°C in air and 400°C in oxygen for x=0.05–0.9 compositions. It has been observed that the oxygen nonstoichiometry Δz of the Nd_1+xBa_2−xCu₃O_7+x/2−Δz solid solution decreases 2–2.5 times for a large substitution (Δz≈0.3–0.33 for x=0.9), despite of the acclaimed higher total oxygen content. The difference in nonstoichiometry is explained by a higher average value of the copper oxidation state (ACV), which is vital for the solid solution with large x even at elevated temperatures (ACV≈2–2.05 for x>0.3 at 1000°C, PO₂=0.21 atm). On the contrary, the ACV after complete oxygenation is almost constant (about 2.25–2.3) for the whole series. The x-dependence of the oxygen content is not monotonous and structural phase transitions can be observed at x=0.3 and x=0.6, as confirmed by the X-ray diffraction and the Raman scattering spectroscopy. The first well-known transition is connected with the oxygen disorder due to the Nd substitution for Ba at random Ba-sites. In the present work, it is proved by the apical oxygen mode broadening in Raman spectra. Ordering of the Nd and Ba atoms with a subsequent orthorhombic distortion of the lattice may occur even at 1000°C in air due to the second transformation at x≈0.6. The invariable orthorhombicity of the Nd-rich solid solution with x>0.6 is not caused by the oxygen absorption as in the x=0.05 case. Existence of high- and low-temperature orthorhombic modifications of this solid solution has been observed for the first time. Finally, a tentative 3D (z–x–T) diagram is suggested for the Nd_1+xBa_2−xCu₃O_z solid solution up to 1000°C in air, including the new x=0.6–0.9 region.     

Evidence for a striped phase of high T c superconductor at the Fermi surface

A complete Fermi surface in the normal state of superconducting Bi₂Sr₂CaCu₂O_8+δ at the optimum doping (T _c = 91K) has been measured by angle scanning photoemission spectroscopy using synchrotron radiation. The Fermi surface reveals broken segments and hot spots of high photointensity along lines of k _y = n:0:23Å^?1 in the (π; π) direction. The pseudogap observed at (π,0) in underdoped materials is one of this missing segments. The results indicate the presence of characteristic subbands of a superlattice of quantum stripes. This is formed by an ordered array of ～ 14Å large stripes.     

Turn-on circularly polarized luminescent (CPL) molecular system realized by thermo-driven Newman–Kwart rearrangement reaction from CPL-silent O- to CPL-active S-thiocarbamate groups at peripheral position of 1,1′-binapthyl rings

Although chiral 1,1′-binaphthalene-2,2′-diyl-O,O-bis(N,N-dimethylthiocarbamate) (1) revealed no circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) signals, Newman–Kwart rearrangement of O-thiocarbamate groups at 1 yielded clear CPL signals from 1,1′-binaphthalene-2,2′-diyl-S,S-bis(N,N-dimethylthiocarbamate) (2), which acts as a CPL-gen molecule.