Simultaneous effect of salt and methanol concentrations on the hydrophobicity of some ion-pairing agents

Summary The lipophilicity (hydrophobicity) of some alkylamines and arylamines was determined with reversed-phase thin-layer chromatography using various water: methanol mixtures as eluent with and without adding salt to the system. The effect of various structural parameters of amines and that of the chromatographic conditions were assessed with stepwise regression analysis. The calculation proved that in case of alkylamines the lipophilicity does not depend linearly on the length of the alkyl chain, the effect of methanol and salt concentrations are intercorrelated and the influence of the alkyl chain branching is negligible. In case of arylamines the number of amino groups has the highest impact on the retention and the effect of methanol and salt is also intercorrelated.     

The excitation temperature functions of some spectrum lines of He,Ne, Ar,Kr and Xe

The excitation temperature functions of 19 spectrum lines of 5 rare gases He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe have been calculated according to the method given by Fowler and Milne. The results make it possible to determine the radial plasma temperature distribution in the range of temperatures of 1.4 × 10⁴°K to 14 × 10⁴°K. Some examples are given for the determination of the plasma temperature distribution in space and time by using the Ar ecxitation temperature functions calculated.     

Splitting Off Edges within a Specified Subset Preserving the Edge-Connectivity of the Graph

Splitting off a pair su, sv of edges in a graph G means the operation that deletes su and sv and adds a new edge uv. Given a graph G = (V + s, E) which is k-edge-connected (k ≥ 2) between vertices of V and a specified subset R  V, first we consider the problem of finding a longest possible sequence of disjoint pairs of edges sx, sy, (x ,y  R) which can be split off preserving k-edge-connectivity in V. If R = V and d(s) is even then a well-known theorem of Lovász asserts that a complete R-splitting exists, that is, all the edges connecting s to R can be split off in pairs. This is not the case in general. We characterize the graphs possessing a complete R-splitting and give a formula for the length of a longest R-splitting sequence. Motivated by the connection between splitting off results and connectivity augmentation problems we also investigate the following problem that we call the split completion problem: given G and R as above, find a smallest set F of new edges incident to s such that G′ = (V + s, E + F) has a complete R-splitting. We give a min-max formula for F as well as a polynomial algorithm to find a smallest F. As a corollary we show a polynomial algorithm which finds a solution of size at most k/2 + 1 more than the optimum for the following augmentation problem, raised in [[2]]: given a graph H = (V, E), an integer k ≥ 2, and a set R  V, find a smallest set F′ of new edges for which H′ = (V, E + F′) is k-edge-connected and no edge of F′ crosses R.     

Bis(silylene)-Stabilized Monovalent Nitrogen Complexes

The first series of bis(silylene)-stabilized nitrogen(I) compounds is described. Starting from the 1,2-bis(N-heterocyclic silylenyl) 1,2-dicarba-closo-dedocaborane(12) scaffold 1 , [1,2-(LSi)₂C₂B₁₀H₁₀; L=PhC(N^tBu)₂], reaction with adamantyl azide (AdN₃) affords the terminal N-μ₂-bridged zwitterionic carborane-1,2-bis(silylium) AdN₃ adduct 2 with an open-cage dianionic nido-C₂B₁₀ cluster core. Remarkably, upon one-electron reduction of 2 with C₈K and liberation of N₂ and adamantane, the two silylene subunits are regenerated to furnish the isolable bis(silylene)-stabilized N^I complex as an anion of 3 with the nido-C₂B₁₀ cluster cage. On the other hand, one-electron oxidation of 2 with silver(I) yields the monocationic bis(silylene) N^I complex 4 with the closo-C₂B₁₀ cluster core. Moreover, the corresponding neutral N^I radical complex 5 results from single-electron transfer from 3 to 4 .     

Fission products from the damaged Fukushima reactor observed in Hungary

Fission products, especially ¹³¹I, ¹³⁴Cs and ¹³⁷Cs, from the damaged Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant (NPP) were detected in many places worldwide shortly after the accident caused by natural disaster. To observe the spatial and temporal variation of these isotopes in Hungary, aerosol samples were collected at five locations from late March to early May 2011: Institute of Nuclear Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences (ATOMKI, Debrecen, East Hungary), Paks NPP (Paks, South-Central Hungary) as well as at the vicinity of Aggtelek (Northeast Hungary), Tapolca (West Hungary) and Bátaapáti (Southwest Hungary) settlements. In addition to the aerosol samples, dry/wet fallout samples were collected at ATOMKI, and airborne elemental iodine and organic iodide samples were collected at Paks NPP. The peak in the activity concentration of airborne ¹³¹I was observed around 30 March (1–3 mBq m^?3 both in aerosol samples and gaseous iodine traps) with a slow decline afterwards. Aerosol samples of several hundred cubic metres of air showed ¹³⁴Cs and ¹³⁷Cs in detectable amounts along with ¹³¹I. The decay-corrected inventory of ¹³¹I fallout at ATOMKI was 2.1±0.1 Bq m^?2 at maximum in the observation period. Dose-rate contribution calculations show that the radiological impact of this event at Hungarian locations was of no considerable concern.