Presodiation Strategies for the Promotion of Sodium-Based Energy Storage Systems

Nowadays sodium-based energy storage systems (Na-based ESSs) have been widely researched as it possesses the possibility to replace traditional energy storage media to become next generation energy storage system. However, due to the irreversible loss of sodium ions in the first cycle, development of Na-based ESSs is limited. Presodiation, as a strategy of adding excess sodium ions to the system in advance, accomplishes the enhancement of electrochemical performance. In this minireview, different presodiation strategies applied in sodium-based energy storage systems will be summarized in detail, their functions and corresponding mechanisms will be discussed as well. Furthermore, the current novel application of presodiation method in other aspects of Na-based ESSs will be mentioned additionally. At last, in the view of present research status of presodiation, issues that can be mitigated are put forward and guidelines are given on how to deliberate in-depth presodiation technology in the future, dedicating to promote the further development of Na-based ESSs.     

Temperature and Solvent Effects on the Europium(III)-catalyzed Hydrolysis of Bis-(nitrophenyl) Phosphate

The hydrolysis of bis-(nitrophenyl) phosphate (BNPP) as model for secondary phosphate esters is analyzed at six different concentrations of Eu(III) ions and four temperatures between 303 and 343 K. Eyring plots yield activation enthalpy parameters which with, e.g. [Eu 3+ ] between 0.40 and 10.0 mM drop from 130 to 74 kJ mol m 1 , respectively, with a relatively small drop in the opposing entropy contributions. The observed saturation profiles allow for the first time to evaluate the influence of j H and j S separately on the Michaelis-Menten values K M and k cat , showing that the catalytic metal-ion effects are largely due to changes in k cat and dominated by favorable j H changes. Preliminary studies of the solvent influence show a surprising difference between water mixtures with either ethanol or DMSO. With, e.g. 40% ethanol, one observes a doubling of the rate constant, with 40% DMSO an almost 10-fold rate decrease. In both cases, a linear correlation with the solvent polarity parameter E T is found.     

Highly efficient antimicrobial electrospun PVP/CS/PHMGH nanofibers membrane: preparation,antimicrobial activity and in vitro evaluations

Research on Chemical Intermediates - A highly efficient oligomer antimicrobial agent, polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride (PHMGH), is added to mixtures of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)/chitosan...     

Selective Oxidation of Alcohols with a New Reagent: Iron(III) Nitrate Supported on Aluminum Silicate

A selective and effective oxidation of alcohols, except aliphatic alcohols, such as 1‐hexanol or 1‐octyl alcohol, to the corresponding aldehydes and ketones using a new reagent, iron(III) nitrate supported on aluminum silicate, under heterogeneous conditions with reflux with 85–98% yield is described.     

Reconstruction of physics objects at the Circular Electron Positron Collider with Arbor

After the Higgs discovery, precise measurements of the Higgs properties and the electroweak observables become vital for the experimental particle physics. A powerful Higgs/Z factory, the Circular Electron Positron Collider (CEPC) is proposed. The Particle Flow oriented detector design is proposed to the CEPC and a Particle Flow algorithm, Arbor is optimized accordingly. We summarize the physics object reconstruction performance of the Particle Flow oriented detector design with Arbor algorithm and conclude that this combination fulfills the physics requirement of CEPC.     

A simple, rapid, and efficient oxidation of oximes to ketones and aldehydes with manganese dioxide catalyzed by kieselguhr under solvent-free conditions

A simple, rapid, and efficient oxidation of oximes to the corresponding ketones and aldehydes with manganese dioxide catalyzed by kieselguhr under solvent-free conditions at room temperature in the yields between 82 and 98 is described. It seems that kieselguhr in the present procedure can highly expedite the reaction rate. By comparing to other methods described previously, the main advantages of this oxidation are that the oxidations are more efficient, the reaction conditions are milder, the reaction times are shorter, and the work-up is easier. Furthermore, the amount of manganese dioxide used in this oxidation is largely decreased.     

An extended chaotic-maps-based protocol with key agreement for multiserver environments

Due to the rapid development and growth of computer networks, there have been greater and greater demands for remote password authentication protocols. Recently, the focus has been on protocols for multiserver environments that run on smart cards. These protocols typically count on the nonce or timestamp to provide protection against the replay attack. However, as Tsaur et al. pointed out, these protocols have some security issues such as disturbance in clock synchronization and vulnerability to the man-in-the-middle attack. In order to solve the above problems, Tsaur et al. proposed a multiserver authentication scheme with key agreement in 2012, and they claimed that their scheme could effectively achieve password-authenticated key agreement while getting around the technical difficulty of implementing clock synchronization in multiserver environments. Unfortunately, we found out that Tsaur et al.’s protocol still has the following weaknesses: (1) inability to resist privileged insider attack, (2) inability to resist known-plaintext attack, (3) inability to provide user anonymity, and (4) lack of perfect forward secrecy. To fix these secure flaws of Tsaur et al.’s protocol, in this paper, we shall propose an improved multiserver authentication protocol with key agreement based on extended chaotic maps. We shall also offer formal proof of smooth execution of the improved authenticated key agreement protocol.