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21.
Summary For a square matrixT
n,n
, where (I–T) is possibly singular, we investigate the solution of the linear fixed point problemx=T
x+c by applying semiiterative methods (SIM's) to the basic iterationx
0
n
,x
k
T
c
k–1+c(k1). Such problems arise if one splits the coefficient matrix of a linear systemA
x=b of algebraic equations according toA=M–N (M nonsingular) which leads tox=M
–1
N
x+M
–1
bT
x+c. Even ifx=T
x+c is consistent there are cases where the basic iteration fails to converge, namely ifT possesses eigenvalues 1 with ||1, or if =1 is an eigenvalue ofT with nonlinear elementary divisors. In these cases — and also ifx=T
x+c is incompatible — we derive necessary and sufficient conditions implying that a SIM tends to a vector
which can be described in terms of the Drazin inverse of (I–T). We further give conditions under which
is a solution or a least squares solution of (I–T)x=c.Research supported in part by the Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung 相似文献
22.
N-(17-Phosphonooxylinolenoyl)glutamine (1) and N-(17-phosphonooxylinoleoyl)glutamine (2) were isolated from the regurgitate of Spodoptora exigua and identified as the first natural alkyl chain-phosphorylated fatty acid derivatives. The compounds were characterized by HPLC-MS/MS and the assigned structures confirmed by synthesis via a dissymmetric bis-Wittig approach as the key reaction. Rearing of the larvae on a diet enriched with inorganic phosphate increased the amount of the phosphorylated N-acyl glutamines in the regurgitate. 相似文献
23.
24.
R. Winkler J. Wilhelm M. Capitelli C. Gorse 《Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing》1992,12(1):71-87
Calculations of the electron energy distribution and of relevant macroscopic quantities of collision-dominated, weakly ionized plasmas under rf field action have been performed with increasing degrees of ionization, and the impact of the electron-electron interaction on these quantities was determined. The investigations were performed for the gas plasmas in CO and H2 as representatives of molecular plasmas The energy distribution and macroscopic quantities are obtained by solving the nonstationary Bolizmann equation for a given rf field and degree of ionization taking into accoung and additional Fokker-Planck term besides the collision integrals for the elastic and the main inelastic collision processes. In these molecular plasmas a remarkable impact of the electron-electron interaction connected with increasing Maxwellization is observed for degrees of ionization greater than 10. 相似文献
25.
26.
Erich Metzger Roland Aeschimann Martin Egli Gaby Suter Ren Dohner Daniel Ammann Max Dobler Wilhelm Simon 《Helvetica chimica acta》1986,69(8):1821-1828
Lipophilic neutral carriers were synthesized which show Li+/Na+ selectivities of up to ca. 80 in highly lipophilic liquid membranes. The sensor membranes exhibit improved response times and increased lifetimes as compared to systems described earlier. They allow reliable measurements of Li+ in blood serum within the clinical concentration range. A 1:1 Li+/ionophore complex of one representative (N,N,N′,N′-tetracyclohexyl-5,5-dimethyl-3,7-dioxaazelaamide) has been prepared, and its structure was elucidated by X-ray analysis. 相似文献
27.
28.
The rapid-scanning capability of FTIR instrumentation has revitalized the field of vibrational spectroscopy in polymer research and will be discussed with reference to the study of polyurethane kinetics, the temperature dependence of hydrogen bonding in polyamide 6 and strain-induced crystallization in a polydimethylsiloxane elastomer. 相似文献
29.
The solubility of argon in pure liquid water was measured at ca. 100 kPa and from 2 to 40°C using an analytical method characterized by an imprecision of about ±0.05%. From the experimental results, Henry fugacities H
2,1
(T,P
s,1
) (also known as Henry's Law constants or Henry coefficients) at the vapor pressure P
s,1
of water as well as Ostwald coefficients L
2,1
at infinite dilution were obtained. Measurements were made at roughly 0.5°C and/or 1° intervals between 2 and 8°C (region I), and at 5°C intervals above 10°C (region II). A difference plot lnH
2,1
/T suggests an unusual temperature dependence in region I, i.e., between 2 and 8°C. Because of this, the data were treated separately in two parts corresponding to these two regions. Our results are compared with the recent high-precision data of Krause and Benson (Henry fugacities), and with calorimetrically determined quantities (enthalpies and heat capacities of solution). Finally, experimental results are compared with values calculated via scaled particle theory.Communicated in part at the 2nd International Symposium on Solubility Phenomena in Newark, New Jersey, August 12–15, 1986, and at the 4th ISSP in Troy, New York, July 20–August 3, 1990. 相似文献
30.
Flowers of Jasminum rincospernum convert deuterium-labeled jasmonic acid [2H5]- 4a and methyl 1,2-didehy-drojasmonate [2H4]- 8 into labeled cis-jasmone [2H4]- 1. The labeling pattern of the resulting cis-jasmone ( 1 ) is consistent with a Grob fragmentation of the didehydrojasmonic acid 8a by decarboxylation after protonation of the keto group. The pathway is also operative in leaves of several higher plants, including mono- and dicotyledonous specimens. In Lima beans besides cis-jasmone ( 1 ) an equimolar mixture of trans- and cis-isomers of methyl jasmonate ( 4 ) and epi- 4 , is emitted after treatment with Jasmonic acid ( 4a ). The relative ratio of 1 and 4 /epi- 4 is critically dependent on the concentration of the administered jasmonic acid ( 4a ) and the ambient temperature of the plant. Unlike 4a , the 1,2-didehydrojasmonic acid ( 8a ) is not able to induce volatile biosynthesis. Therefore, the transformation of 4a via 8 a into 1 appears to have a special importance for the irreversible inactivation and disposal of the plant stress hormone jasmonic acid to the gas phase and may serve, besides other modes of inactivation, as a shunt in case of high internal of the stress hormone 4a. The conversion of the biologically active jasmonic acid ( 4a ) into the inactive and volatile cis-jasmone (1) is the first example of a disposal of an inactive metabolite of a phytohormone to the gas phase as an infinite sink. 相似文献