Optimality conditions and Mond–Weir duality for a class of differentiable semi-infinite multiobjective programming problems with vanishing constraints

4OR - In this paper, the class of differentiable semi-infinite multiobjective programming problems with vanishing constraints is considered. Both Karush–Kuhn–Tucker necessary optimality...     

A quantitative thermal analysis of cyclists’ thermo-active base layers

It is well known that clothes used in sporting activity are a barrier for heat exchange between the environment and athlete, which should help in thermoregulation improvement. However, it is difficult to evaluate which top is best for each athlete according to the characteristics of the sport. Researchers have tried to measure the athlete’s temperature distribution during exercise at the base layers of tops with different approaches. The aim of this case study was to investigate the use of thermography for thermo-active base layer evaluation. Six new base layers were measured on one cyclist volunteer during a progressive training on a cycloergometer. As a control condition, the skin temperature of the same volunteer was registered without any layer with the same training. A training protocol was selected approximate to cycling race, which started from the warm-up stage, next the progressive effort until the race finished and at the end “cool-down” stage was over. In order to show which layer provided the strongest and weakest barrier for heat exchange in comparison with environment, the temperature parameters were taken into consideration. The most important parameter in the studies was the temperature difference between the body and the layers, which was changing during the test time. The studies showed a correlation between the ergometer power parameter and the body temperature changes, which has a strong and significant value. Moreover, the mass of every layer was checked before and after the training to evaluate the mass of the sweat exuded during the test. From this data, the layer mass difference parameter was calculated and taken into consideration as a parameter, which may correspond with the mean heart rate value from each training. A high and positive correlation coefficient was obtained between the average heart rate and the mass difference for the base layers. Thermal analysis seems to have a new potential application in the objective assessment of sports clothing and may help in choosing the proper clothes, which could support heat transfer during exercising and protect the body from overheating.

     

Phenoxy herbicidal ammonium ionic liquids

Ammonium ionic liquids with the 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetate anion were synthesized and characterized. Physicochemical properties, such as thermal stability, phase transition temperatures, viscosity, density, refractive index, as well as surface activity and herbicidal activity were determined. Improved physicochemical properties suggest a reduced environmental impact of newly formed group of herbicidal ionic liquids (HILs). HILs with a longer substituent can be characterized with better herbicidal activity in comparison with commercial products.     

Correction to: Differences in the Efficiency of Separation of Analgesic Drugs by High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography with Similar Octadecyl Silica-Based Adsorbents

JPC – Journal of Planar Chromatography – Modern TLC -     

Nonlocal elasticity in shape memory alloys modeled using peridynamics for solving dynamic problems

Nonlinear Dynamics - The work is primarily devoted to the peridynamic model elaborated for a solid body made of shape memory alloys (SMAs). The superelasticity effect is taken into consideration as...     

X-ray structure and NMR assignment of 4-methoxy-4′-methylthio-3,3′-diquinolinyl sulfidea

The title compound (C₂₀H₁₆N₂OS₂) is monoclinic, witha=7.786(3).,b=13.252(3),c=17.162(4) Å, =99.16(3)° and space groupP2₁/n. Two quinoline moieties are nearly perpendicular to each other (112.9(2)°). Both methoxy and methylthio groups are trans-orientated with the respect to the C(3)–S(1)–C(13) plane. Two pairs of the heteroatoms in ortho-positions are in very close contact. The conformation of the molecule explains an unusual¹H NMR spectrum     

Structure of phosphonium rhenates(VII)

Four phosphonium rhenates(VII) were prepared and crystallized: (A) 1,2-bis (triphenylphosphonium)ethane rhenate(VII) (Pī, a=8.298(2), b=10.638(3), c= 11.242(3) ?, α=64.96(2), β=80.49(2), γ=88.17(2)°), (B) methyltriphenylphosphonium rhenate(VII) (Pca2₁, a=15.096(3), b=12.627(3), c=19.353(3) ?), (C) benzyltriphenylphosphonium rhenate(VII) (Pī, a=9.648(2), b=11.689(2), c=20.806(3) ?, α=88.44(2), β=84.63(2), γ=77.33(3)°), and (D) orthorhombic form of (iodomethyl)triphenylphosphonium rhenate(VII) (Pca2₁, a=14.952(3), b=13.120(3), c=20.603(4) ?). Each crystal structure consists of separate phosphonium cations and rhenate(VII) anions. In A centrosymmetric 1,2-bis(triphenylphosphonium)ethane cations form layers perpendicular to [011]. In B the cations are set in chains along [100] forming layers perpendicular to [001]. In C two symmetrically-independent cations form double columns along [100] and these columns are arranged in puckered layers perpendicular to [001]. D is almost isomorphous to B. The crystal structures are stabilised by weak C–H⋯O hydrogen bonds as well as phenyl rings interactions. In all crystal structures supramolecular motifs of phenyl rings embraces could be distinguished.     

Synthesis and X-ray structure of p-tolyl phenylthioglyoxylate

The title compound (C₁₅H₁₂O₂S) is triclinic witha=7.077(10),b=8.825(2),c=11.068(2) Å, =106.66(3)^o, Z=2, and space group P. The significant structural features lies in the two carbonyl groups of the thioglyoxylate which are oriented antiperiplanar to each other [–168.2(2)^o]. The central C(8)–C(9) bond is 1.553(3) Å. The phenyl rings are twisted with respect to the carbonyl groups. Short contacts are present between S and O(1) [2.652(2) Å] and also between S and O(2) [2.758(2) Å].