活性氧响应的新型阳离子共聚物构建及其基因递送性能研究

引入快速、主动释放基因的机制是提升非病毒基因递送效率的关键. 本研究以2-甲基丙烯酰氧乙基磷酰胆碱(MPC)与(2-丙烯酰基)乙基(硼酸苄基)二乙基溴化铵(BD)为单体, 基于可逆加成-断裂链转移聚合(RAFT)反应制备具有活性氧响应性质的聚阳离子嵌段共聚物pM-pBD. 通过静电作用, 阳离子共聚物pM-pBD能够与带负电荷的DNA以分子自组装的方式形成纳米复合物. 其中, 阳离子pBD片段具有活性氧触发电荷反转的特性, 因此, 有助于获得活性氧触发的静电组装复合体结构解离, 从而实现可控基因释放的功能. 理化表征结果表明, pM-pBD与质粒DNA静电复合后能够形成粒径约为99.1 nm, ζ电位约为+13.8 mV, 显微形貌近似球形的纳米复合物. 在加入促过氧化氢产生的抗坏血酸后, 上述pM-pBD基因递送系统的转染效率得到了显著的提升. 因此, 本研究创制的pM-pBD为基因递送系统的可控释放提供了新的解决方案.     

离子色谱法测定2-羧乙基苯基次膦酸中的氯离子

建立离子色谱法测定2-羧乙基苯基次膦酸中氯离子的含量。样品用超纯水溶解稀释,过0.22μm滤膜;选用SH–AC–2阴离子分离柱,以30 mmol/L Na OH溶液作为淋洗液,流量为1.0 m L/min,进样体积为50μL,以抑制电导检测器测定氯离子的含量。氯离子的质量浓度在0.01~1.00 mg/L范围内与色谱峰面积线性关系良好,相关系数为0.996,氯离子的检出限(S/N=3)为1.0μg/L。测定结果的相对标准偏差小于10%(n=6),样品加标回收率为94.7%~103.5%。该方法简便、快速且灵敏,可用于2-羧乙基苯基次膦酸中氯离子的测定。     

Residue behaviour and safety evaluation of fenaminstrobin in peanut field ecosystems

A rapid, sensitive, and selective method using a quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe procedure in combination with high-performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry was developed for the analysis of fenaminstrobin in peanut and soil. The average recoveries in all samples fall within 88.1%–10%, having relative standard deviations of 2.5%–14%. The limits of quantitation of fenaminstrobin in peanut shell, peanut kernels, peanut plant, and soil were 0.005, 0.004, 0.01, and 0.002 mg kg^?1, respectively. The field trial results show that the half-lives of fenaminstrobin in peanut plant and soil are 1.3–10 and 5.5–20 days, respectively. Residues in peanut kernels were found to be present at <0.004 mg kg^?1 levels, based on good agricultural practices recommended by the manufacturer. The risk posed by fenaminstrobin exposure at the recommended dosage is negligible to humans, depending on the risk quotient.     

Pseudo-2D Layered Organic-Inorganic Manganese Bromide with a Near-Unity Photoluminescence Quantum Yield for White Light-Emitting Diode and X-Ray Scintillator

Eco-friendly lead-free organic–inorganic manganese halides (OIMHs) have attracted considerable attention in various optoelectronic applications because of their superior optical properties and flexible solution processibility. Herein, we report a novel pseudo-2D layered OIMH (MTP)₂MnBr₄ (MTP: methyltriphenylphosphonium), which exhibits intense green emission under UV/blue or X-ray excitation, with a near-unity photoluminescence quantum yield, high resistance to thermal quenching (I_{150 °C}=84.1 %) and good photochemical stability. These features enable (MTP)₂MnBr₄ as an efficient green phosphor for blue-converted white light-emitting diodes, demonstrating a commercial-level luminous efficiency of 101 lm W⁻¹ and a wide color gamut of 116 % NTSC. Moreover, these (MTP)₂MnBr₄ crystals showcase outstanding X-ray scintillation properties, delivering a light yield of 67000 photon MeV⁻¹, a detection limit of 82.4 nGy s⁻¹, and a competitive spatial resolution of 6.2 lp mm⁻¹ for X-ray imaging. This work presents a new avenue for the exploration of eco-friendly luminescent OIMHs towards multifunctional light-emitting applications.     

磷脂液相二次离子质谱分析中的分子离子簇

对3种极性头不同的磷脂DMPG、DMPC、DMPE的液相二次离子质谱分析中出现 的分子离子簇现象进行了系统的研究。结果表明，虽然分子离子簇的形成与许多因素有关， 如PH值、离子强度等，但起决定作用的是样品在底物中的浓度，浓度增大有利于分子离子簇 的形成。研究还发现，由不同种类磷脂分子形成的分子离子簇峰明显高于由同种磷脂分子所 形成的分子离子簇峰，指出异种磷脂分子间的簇离子形成能力高于同种磷脂分子。此外还讨 论了磷脂分子在离子源条件下的稳定性、裂解规律及相互作用等。结果表明，本实验所选用 的磷脂分子在LSIMS条件下是稳定的，均能得到较强的分子离子峰，其主要碎片峰是磷酰键断裂而产生的碎片离子峰。     

萃取色谱分离稀土元素进展

评述了近年来我国学者对萃取色谱分离稀土元素各种体系的研究及其在高纯稀土分离方面的应用，并对高纯稀土制备的发展方向进行了展望。     

Isotropic ferromagnetic resonance field shift in as-prepared permalloy/FeMn bilayers

Exchange-coupled wedged-permalloy (Py)/FeMn bilayers are studied by ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) technique at room temperature. In comparison, Py single layer films were also made. For Py single layer films and Py/FeMn bilayers, only one uniform resonance peak was observed at high magnetic fields, indicating no interfacial diffusion at the Py/FeMn and Py/Cu interfaces. Negative isotropic in-plane resonance field does exist in Py/FeMn bilayers and its magnitude increases with decreasing Py layer thickness. In order to explain above phenomena, interfacial perpendicular anisotropy must be considered simultaneously, in addition to irreversible rotation of spins in FeMn layers. This is because the perpendicular resonance field of the bilayers is larger than that of Py single layer films.     

Fusion of conventional ultrasound imaging and acousto-optic sensing by use of a standard pulsed-ultrasound scanner

Acousto-optic sensing (AOS) is a dual-wave sensing technique based on the ultrasound modulation of diffuse light in a turbid medium. We experimentally demonstrate the feasibility of combining AOS and conventional ultrasound imaging by use of a commercially available pulsed-ultrasound scanner coupled with a photorefractive crystal-based optical interferometry system. Optically absorbing targets embedded in highly diffusive phantoms (mus'= 10 cm(-1)) are imaged through a thickness of 27 mm with millimeter resolution. The acousto-optic images are intrinsically coregistered with the ultrasound images.     

Use of elemental size distributions in identifying particle formation modes

The chemical composition of particles generated during pulverized coal combustion is the consequence of their formation processes. This work aims to use the size resolved elemental composition of coal-derived particles to identify their formation modes. A size-classified bituminous coal is burnt in a laboratory drop tube furnace at 1150, 1250, and 1350 °C, respectively. The elemental composition of the size-segregated particles from coal combustion is analyzed and the total mass fraction size distributions of Si and Al are obtained. Three particle formation modes are observed in these distribution profiles. The coarse mode has the highest value of the total mass fraction of Si and Al while the ultrafine mode has the lowest one. The total mass fraction of Si and Al in these two modes is nearly independent of particle size. It is believed that the coarse mode is formed by the mineral coalescence mechanism and the ultrafine mode by the vaporization–condensation mechanism. The difference in the total mass fraction of Si and Al between the central mode and the other two indicates that the central mode is formed by different mechanisms. Based on the observation that the total mass fraction of Si and Al in this mode increases with increasing particle size, heterogeneous condensation of vaporized species on existing fine residual ash particles is proposed to account for the formation of these particles. The study of the elemental composition of the three modes represented in five categories verifies the proposed formation mechanisms for them to some extent.     

Optical properties of AgI/Ag infrared hollow fiber in the visible wavelength region

We report on AgI/Ag infrared hollow fiber with low-loss in visible region. Improved methods of silver plating and iodination were proposed to fabricate the hollow fiber. The surface roughness of the silver layer and the silver iodide layer was reduced by the pretreatment with an SnCl2 solution and low iodination temperature. Losses for the Er:YAG and green laser light were 0.4 and 7dB/m. The loss property of green laser beam was low to deliver a pilot beam for the invisible infrared laser light. Owing to the smooth and uniform AgI film, the loss spectrum of the hollow fiber showed clear interference peaks in the visible region. An empirical formula for AgI material dispersion was derived, which is of special importance for the design of high-performance AgI/Ag hollow fiber.