The intermediacy of metathiophosphonate PhPSO in the reaction of N-tert-butyl-P-phenylphosphonamidothioic acid with alcohols

Kinetic studies of the reaction of N-tert-butyl-P-phenylphosphonamidothioic acid (1) with alcohols were carried out in CH2Cl2 by means of 31P NMR spectrometry. The reaction is of the first order with respect to thio acid 1. The first-order rate constant at 30 degrees C increases with increasing methanol concentration below 0.25 M, but otherwise the rate constants are either independent of alcohol concentration (MeOH above 0.25 M, BuOH) or decrease with increasing alcohol concentration (i-PrOH, t-BuOH). The effect of alcohols on the order of the reaction and parameters of activation, as well as results of competition experiments, lead us to the conclusion that reaction of 1 with alcohols occurs by an elimination-addition mechanism involving the association of the thio acid 1 and the alcohol and then formation in the rate-determining step of an encounter complex 2' ' involving metathiophosphonate 4, amine, and alcohol. Metathiophosphonate 4 reacts preferentially with the alcohol as the encounter complex (primary alcohols) or after diffusion apart as a "free" intermediate (hindered alcohols).     

Cathodoluminescence Depth Profiling in SiO2:Ge Layers

 For investigation of the luminescent center profile cathodoluminescence measurements are used under variation of the primary electron energy E ₀ = 2…30 keV. Applying a constant incident power regime (E ₀·I ₀ = const), the depth profiles of luminescent centers are deduced from the range of the electron energy transfer profiles dE/dx. Thermally grown SiO₂ layers of thickness d = 500 nm have been implanted by Ge⁺-ions of energy 350 keV and doses (0.5–5)10¹⁶ ions/cm². Thus Ge profiles with a concentration maximum of (0.4 – 4) at% at the depth of d_m≅240 nm are expected. Afterwards the layers have been partially annealed up to T _a = 1100 °C for one hour in dry nitrogen. After thermal annealing, not only the typical violet luminescence (λ = 400 nm) of the Ge centers is strongly increased but also the luminescent center profiles are shifted from about 250 nm to 170 nm depth towards the surface. This process should be described by Ge diffusion processes, precipitation and finally Ge nanocluster formation. Additionally, a Ge surface layer is piled-up extending to a depth of roughly 25 nm.     

First experiments on transmutation studies of129I and237Np using relativistic protons of 3.7 GeV

First experiments on the transmutation of long-lived¹²⁹I and²³⁷Np using relativistic protons of 3.7 GeV are described. Relativistic protons generate in extended Pb-targets substancial neutron fluences. These neutrons get moderated in paraffin and are used for transmutation as follows:¹²⁹I(n,)¹³⁰I and²³⁷Np(n,)²³⁸Np. The isotopes¹³⁰I (T _1/2-12.36 h) and²³⁸Np (T _1/2=2.117 d) were identified radiochemically. One can estimate the transmutation cross-section (n,) in the given neutron field as (¹²⁹I(n,))=(10±2)b and (²³⁷Np(n,))=(140±30)b The experiments were carried out in November 1996 at the Synchrophasotron, LHE, Dubna, Russia. The investigation has been performed at the Laboratory of High Energies, JINR, Dubna.     

Eine spezifische colorimetrische Methode zur Bestimmung der Sorbins?ure

Zusammenfassung Es wird eine einfache Methode zur schnellen Bestimmung (1 Std) von Sorbinsäure in Lebensmitteln beschrieben. Die Sorbinsäure wird durch Wasserdampfdestillation verlustlos vom Lebensmittel abgetrennt und im Destillat mit saurer Kaliumdichromatlösung oxydiert. Dabei entsteht unter anderem Malondialdehyd, der mit Thiobarbitursäure einen beständigen roten Farbstoff bildet, dessen Absorptionsmaximum bei 532 nm liegt. Die rote Lösung wird colorimetriert, und über eine Eichgerade, die mit 2–10 g Sorbinsäure aufgestellt worden ist, wird der Gehalt an Sorbinsäure bestimmt. Die Methode wird durch keinen der üblichen Konservierungsstoffe gestört. Verschiedenen Lebensmitteln zugesetzte Sorbinsäuremengen wurden zu 100±2% wiedergefunden. Der qualitative Nachweis kann in vielen Lebensmitteln ohne Destillation innerhalb weniger Minuten visuell durchgeführt werden.Vorgetragen auf der 18. Arbeitstagung des Arbeitskreises Südwestdeutschland der Fachgruppe Lebensmittelchemie und gerichtliche Chemie in der Gesellschaft deutscher Chemiker in Weinheim (Bergstra\e) am 19./20. 5. 1960.Meinem Assistenten, Herrn F. Nagel, sei für die gewissenhafte Durchführung einer gro\en Zahl von Versuchen aufrichtig gedankt.Wir danken ferner der Fa. Rostock Gebrüder Friedrich Söhne, Elmshorn/Holstein, fÜr die Überlassung von Margarineproben mit Sorbinsäure und den Hoechster Farbwerken fÜr die Bereitstellung verschiedener sorbinsäurehaltiger Lebensmittel.     

Syntheses of macrocyclic bisbibenzyls on solid support

We describe a route for the polymer supported total synthesis of the cyclic bisbibenzyls of the isoplagiochin type found in liverworts. TentaGel^® resins were used as solid support for a sequence involving Suzuki, Wittig and hydrogenation protocols. The polymer linked intermediates could be characterized by HR-MAS NMR. This route is to be extended to the synthesis of small libraries of differently halogenated derivatives.     

Kathodenstrahlpolarographische Bestimmung von Spuren Kobalt und Zink in Nickel und Nickelsalzen

Zusammenfassung Eine Methode zur kathodenstrahlpolarographischen Bestimmung von Spuren Kobalt und Zink in Nickel und Nickelsalzen wird beschrieben. Die Spuren werden untereinander und von der Matrix über den Anionenaustauscher Dowex 1X8 getrennt. Die Nachweisgrenzen betragen für Kobalt 5·10^–4% und für Zink 4·10^–4%.

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Summary A method is described for the cathode-ray polarographic determination of cobalt and zinc traces in nickel and nickel salts after separation by the anionexchange resin Dowex 1X8. Traces are detectable as low as 5·10^–4% and 4·10^–4%, respectively.

     

Kathodenstrahlpolarographische Bestimmung von Spurenelementen in Zinnchloriden

Zusammenfassung Eine Methode wird beschrieben, die die kathodenstrahlpolarographische Bestimmung von Spuren Ni, Pb, Mn, Co, Cu, Fe, Mo in Zinnchloriden in den Bereichen 10^–4% (Ni, Pb, Mn, Cu, Fe) und 10^–5% (Mo, Co) gestattet. Über den stark basischen Anionenaustauscher AG 1×8 wird das Zinn von den Spurenelementen getrennt.

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Cathode-ray polarographic determination of trace elements in tin chlorides

A method is described for the cathode-ray polarographic detemination of traces of Ni, Pb, Mn, Co, Cu, Fe, and Mo in tin chlorides. Tin is separated from the trace metals by ion exchange on the strong basic anion-exchange resin AG 1×8. The detection limits are within the ranges of 10^–4% and 10^–5%.

     

Novel UDP-glycal derivatives as transition state analogue inhibitors of UDP-GlcNAc 2-epimerase

The "epimerisation" of UDP-GlcNAc to ManNAc, the first step in the biosynthesis of sialic acids, is catalyzed by UDP-GlcNAc 2-epimerase. In this paper we report the synthesis of transition state based inhibitors of this enzyme. To mimic the assumed first transition state of this reaction (TS 1), we designed and synthesized the novel UDP-exo-glycal derivatives 1-4. We also report herein the synthesis of 5 and 6, the first C-glycosidic derivatives of 2-acetamidoglucal, and the synthesis of the ketosides 7 and 8, which were designed as bis-substrate analogue and bis- product analogue, respectively, to mimic the second step of the reaction via the assumed second transition state TS 2.     

Intercalation materials for lithium rechargeable batteries

An overview is given of intercalation materials for both the negative and the positive electrodes of lithium batteries, including the results of our own research. As well as lithium metal as a negative electrode, we consider insertion materials based on aluminium alloys. In the case of the positive electrode metal-oxides based on manganese, nickel and cobalt are discussed. Received: 27 May 1997 / Accepted: 30 July 1997     

XVI. (2,5-C4Bu2RHN)MCl3 (M = Ti, Zr, Hf; R = H, SiMe3)—Azacyclopentadienyl-Komplexe der Gruppe 4-Metalle

The azacyclopentadienyl compounds (2,5-C₄^tBu₂RHN)MCl₃ (M = Ti, Zr, Hf; R = H, SiMe₃) have been prepared as stable solids from the lithiated pyrroles and MCl₄. The π-coordination of the azacyclopentadienyl ligands, as suggested from ¹³ C NMR data, has been confirmed for (2,5-C₄^tBu₂H₂N)TiCl₃ by an X-ray diffraction study.