全文获取类型
收费全文 | 85347篇 |
免费 | 750篇 |
国内免费 | 411篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 29465篇 |
晶体学 | 804篇 |
力学 | 6896篇 |
数学 | 33205篇 |
物理学 | 16138篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 77篇 |
2022年 | 112篇 |
2021年 | 135篇 |
2020年 | 189篇 |
2019年 | 191篇 |
2018年 | 10500篇 |
2017年 | 10334篇 |
2016年 | 6380篇 |
2015年 | 1142篇 |
2014年 | 574篇 |
2013年 | 767篇 |
2012年 | 4291篇 |
2011年 | 11062篇 |
2010年 | 5974篇 |
2009年 | 6325篇 |
2008年 | 7033篇 |
2007年 | 9153篇 |
2006年 | 635篇 |
2005年 | 1689篇 |
2004年 | 1849篇 |
2003年 | 2263篇 |
2002年 | 1278篇 |
2001年 | 408篇 |
2000年 | 403篇 |
1999年 | 269篇 |
1998年 | 281篇 |
1997年 | 244篇 |
1996年 | 297篇 |
1995年 | 199篇 |
1994年 | 133篇 |
1993年 | 154篇 |
1992年 | 105篇 |
1991年 | 97篇 |
1990年 | 85篇 |
1989年 | 87篇 |
1988年 | 92篇 |
1987年 | 83篇 |
1986年 | 88篇 |
1985年 | 70篇 |
1984年 | 64篇 |
1983年 | 50篇 |
1982年 | 63篇 |
1981年 | 54篇 |
1980年 | 64篇 |
1979年 | 54篇 |
1978年 | 55篇 |
1914年 | 45篇 |
1912年 | 41篇 |
1909年 | 42篇 |
1908年 | 41篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
991.
An amperometric detector with a small thin mercury film electrode is described. The device demonstrates advantageous operational
characteristics such as small dispersion (D<2) and “memory effect” (me<0.6%), extensive maximum sample frequency (msf −200
samples/h), and high sensitivity. It has been proven useful in flow-injection analysis at a constant potential under hydrodynamic
conditions. 相似文献
992.
In the course of investigations on equestrian supplemental products for the presence of doping substances, two products were found to contain forbidden substances. As reported earlier a plant extract (Mexican cactus extract) named “Energy 5” contained the anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) stanozolol, 17β-hydroxy-17α-methyl-5α-androstane-3β-ol (3β,5α-THMT) as well as mestanolone not declared on the label. In the present study, a product called “Super Kalm Paste” was tested. Analysis by gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC-MS) revealed that the preparation contained the class I anti-arrhythmics quinine (trade names KinidinTM, Durules) and cinchonine. The samples were prepared according to a sample preparation procedure established for anabolic steroids in nutritional supplements for humans. The sample treatment comprised the extraction and purification of the analytes as well as the chemical conversion with N-methyl-N-trimethylsilyl-trifluoracetamide (MSTFA) to yield the trimethylsilyl (TMS)-derivatives. To verify whether the administration of such products could lead to positive doping tests, a pilot excretion study on “Energy 5” was conducted with two geldings, and urine samples were collected. Gas chromatography - high resolution mass spectrometry (GC-HRMS) after solid phase extraction and mixed derivatisation has demonstrated the presence of the stanozolol metabolite 16β-hydroxy-stanozolol in urine samples after “Energy 5” application. 相似文献
993.
Dusanka Ž. Obadović Anikó Vajda Maya Garić A. Bubnov Vera Hamplová M. Kašpar Katalin Fodor-Csorba 《Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry》2005,80(2):519-523
Summary Thermal properties of a homologous series of ferroelectric liquid crystals S-(-)-[4-(2-n-alkoxy-propionyloxy)]biphenyl-4'-[n-alkoxy-(3,5-dimethyl)]benzoate have been investigated by polarizing optical microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry.
The mesophases were identified and confirmed by X-ray too. Three binary mixtures were prepared from the individual homologues.
In one of the mixtures (Mix1), the ferroelectric SmC* phase has broadened and became enantiotropic. This mesophase remained
monotropic in the other two mixtures (Mix2, Mix3). The chiral nematic N* phase did not appear in Mix1, but remained monotropic
for the other two mixtures. Two molecular parameters, the layer spacing and the average intermolecular distance have been
calculated from the X-ray results for the homologues and their mixtures. An intercalated tail-to-tail packing of molecules
was found both in the single compounds and their mixtures resulting in the layer spacing about half of the molecular length
of the single compounds. 相似文献
994.
Helmut Simon Johann Bader Helmut Günther Stefan Neumann Jordanes Thanos 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》1985,24(7):539-553
It has been known for many decades that chiral compounds can be obtained by stereospecific biocatalytic reduction. Further significant methodological developments in this field have, however, only been made during the past ten years; they include the application of previously unused microorganisms and electron donors, the discovery of additional substrates for the known reductases, the development of methods for regenerating reduced pyridine nucleotides, and the discovery of new reductases which were sought for specific preparative purposes. Many chiral compounds can now be synthesized by microbial hydrogenation using H2 and hydrogenase-containing microorganisms as well as by electromicrobial or electroenzymatic reduction. In the two latter methods, anaerobic or aerobic organisms are supplied with electrons from electrochemically reduced, artificial mediators, e.g., methyl viologen. Reductases that do not require pyridine nucleotides and can accept electrons directly from reduced viologens are especially useful. Two examples of this type of enzyme are described which are of preparative interest. Many cells contain methyl viologen-dependent NAD(P) reductases, a large number of which have still not been characterized. A productivity number is proposed which allows different methods of bioconversion with microorganisms to be compared. The productivity numbers of compounds synthesized by the methods described in this review are often 10- to 100-fold higher than those of substances obtained by conventional techniques. 相似文献
995.
996.
Miniaturizing all dimensions of apparatus, such as electronics and computers, is the current trend followed by scientists
in various fields. The idea of Lab-on-a-Chip has significantly expanded and found its broad applications in analytical chemistry.
Microplasmas can act as a sample excitation source and are the miniaturized versions of full-sized plasmas. These can be created
in various forms, such as direct current, microwave induced, capacitively coupled and inductively coupled plasmas. Scaling
down the size would reduce the amount of gases, liquids and consumables required, as well as the sample analysis time, which
in turn would decrease the operating costs. Therefore, several research groups are involved in the development of microplasmas
for utilisation in analytical instruments. 相似文献
997.
998.
999.
1000.
Witold Danikiewicz Tadeusz Jaworski Stefan Kwiatkowski 《Monatshefte für Chemie / Chemical Monthly》1986,117(10):1177-1184
Starting from methyl 7-oxo-7-(1-cyclopentene)-heptanoate, a simple synthesis of the methyl esters of 7-oxo- and 7-hydroxy-9,11-dideoxy-PGF
1 as a model for 7-substituted prostaglandin analogues is described.
7-Substituierte Prostaglandin-Analoge — ein neuer Syntheseweg
Zusammenfassung Ausgehend von Methyl-7-oxo-7-(1-cyclopenten)-heptanoat wird eine einfache Synthese der Methylester von 7-Oxo- und 7-Hydroxy-9,11-dideoxy-PGF 1 als Modellverbindungen für 7-substituierte Prostaglandinanaloge beschrieben.相似文献