全文获取类型
收费全文 | 51789篇 |
免费 | 2011篇 |
国内免费 | 32篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 33108篇 |
晶体学 | 264篇 |
力学 | 1633篇 |
数学 | 8040篇 |
物理学 | 10787篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 380篇 |
2022年 | 313篇 |
2021年 | 517篇 |
2020年 | 711篇 |
2019年 | 656篇 |
2018年 | 1014篇 |
2017年 | 828篇 |
2016年 | 1565篇 |
2015年 | 1434篇 |
2014年 | 1444篇 |
2013年 | 2998篇 |
2012年 | 3469篇 |
2011年 | 3581篇 |
2010年 | 2154篇 |
2009年 | 1784篇 |
2008年 | 3046篇 |
2007年 | 3074篇 |
2006年 | 2713篇 |
2005年 | 2644篇 |
2004年 | 2274篇 |
2003年 | 1845篇 |
2002年 | 1624篇 |
2001年 | 980篇 |
2000年 | 824篇 |
1999年 | 601篇 |
1998年 | 459篇 |
1997年 | 424篇 |
1996年 | 501篇 |
1995年 | 350篇 |
1994年 | 381篇 |
1993年 | 389篇 |
1992年 | 423篇 |
1991年 | 358篇 |
1990年 | 350篇 |
1989年 | 340篇 |
1988年 | 297篇 |
1987年 | 297篇 |
1986年 | 241篇 |
1985年 | 408篇 |
1984年 | 372篇 |
1983年 | 262篇 |
1982年 | 361篇 |
1981年 | 359篇 |
1980年 | 308篇 |
1979年 | 295篇 |
1978年 | 288篇 |
1976年 | 298篇 |
1975年 | 270篇 |
1974年 | 279篇 |
1973年 | 263篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
71.
Régine Barthelmé 《Comptes Rendus Mathematique》2005,341(11):689-694
This Note introduces a new integral form of the charge and current deposition scheme given in 1992 by Villasenor and Buneman, which permits the conservation of charge in PIC codes. This integral form extends directly to higher order spline shape factors, whose use produces less numerical noise. We thus get a discrete charge conserving method for high order shape factors. This method extends easily to nonuniform Cartesian grids for first order shape factors. To cite this article: R. Barthelmé, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Ser. I 341 (2005). 相似文献
72.
Tereza C. R. dos Santos Ricardo Q. Aucélio Reinaldo C. Campos 《Mikrochimica acta》2003,142(1-2):63-66
A simple and direct spectrofluorimetric method has been developed for the determination of aluminum using alizarin red PS
(1,2,4-trihydroxy 9,10-anthraquinone-3-sulfonic acid). The method is based on the strong fluorescence (480/564 nm) of Al3+ and alizarin red. Experimental parameters such as pH, concentration of the ligand, ionic strength of the solution, reaction
time and temperature were optimized in order to maximize the analytical signal. Interferences of several ions (anions and
cations) were studied and evaluated. The linear range of the method extends from 3 to 100 μg L−1. Limit of detection (3sb) was 0.9 μg L−1. The method was tested with a silicate certified reference material. Interferences were eliminated by a liquid extraction
with cupferron.
Author for correspondence. E-mail: aucelior@rdc.puc-rio.br
Received September 10, 2002; accepted January 15, 2003
Published online May 5, 2003 相似文献
73.
C Guéret N Jussien O Lhomme C Pavageau C Prins 《The Journal of the Operational Research Society》2003,54(5):458-465
In this paper, we describe an aircraft loading problem submitted by the French military agency (DGA) as part of a more general military airlift planning problem. It can be viewed as a kind of bi-dimensional bin-packing problem, with heterogeneous bins and several additional constraints. We introduce two-phase methods for solving this NP-hard problem. The first phase consists in building good initial solutions, thanks to two fast algorithms: a list-based heuristic and a loading pattern generation method. Both algorithms call a constraint-based subroutine, able to determine quickly if the items already loaded can be reshuffled to accommodate a new object. The second phase improves these preliminary solutions using local search techniques. Results obtained on real data sets are presented. 相似文献
74.
Trond Stølen Gustavsen 《Compositio Mathematica》2003,138(2):199-231
We relate the equisingular deformation theory of plane curve singularities and sandwiched surface singularities. We show the existence of a smooth map between the two corresponding deformation functors and study the kernel of this map. In particular we show that the map is an isomorphism when a certain invariant is large enough. 相似文献
75.
Grégory Duby 《Archive for Mathematical Logic》2003,42(5):435-447
This paper generalizes results of F. K?rner from [4] where she established the existence of maximal automorphisms (i.e. automorphisms
moving all non-algebraic elements). An ω-maximal automorphism is an automorphism whose powers are maximal automorphisms. We
prove that any structure has an elementary extension with an ω-maximal automorphism. We also show the existence of ω-maximal
automorphisms in all countable arithmetically saturated structures. Further we describe the pairs of tuples (ˉa,ˉb) for which there is an ω-maximal automorphism mapping ˉa to ˉb.
Received: 12 December 2001 /
Published online: 10 October 2002
Supported by the ``Fonds pour la Formation à la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture'
Mathematics Subject Classification (2000): Primary: 03C50; Secondary: 03C57
Key words or phrases: Automorphism – Recursively saturated structure 相似文献
76.
Various physical systems of dispersive waves admit solutions in the form of generalized solitary waves. Such waves result from the resonance between a long localized wave and short periodic oscillations. Many estimates (rigorous and numerical) have been given for the amplitude of the ripples in the tail of the generalized solitary wave when its central part has a sech2 shape. This Note provides estimates (not yet rigorous) for the ripple amplitude when the central part is flat and wide. To cite this article: C. Fochesato, F. Dias, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Ser. I 337 (2003). 相似文献
77.
Luc Martinon Stéphane Azoulay E. Peter Kündig 《Journal of organometallic chemistry》2004,689(23):3831-3836
A Pd-catalyzed three-component assembling of highly functionalized 4-benzyl-(and allyl-)pyrrolidines was achieved based on a combination of allyl amines, gem-diactivated alkenes, and unsaturated halides (or triflate). 相似文献
78.
Kerstin Paech Adrian Dumitru Jürgen Schaffner-Bielich Stefan Schramm Horst Stöcker Gebhard Zeeb Detlef Zschiesche 《Acta Physica Hungarica A》2004,21(2-4):151-156
The measured particle ratios in central heavy-ion collisions are investigated within a chemical and thermal equilibrium chiral SU(3) σ?ω approach. Contrary to the commonly adopted non-interacting gas calculations, the chiral SU(3) model predicts modified effective hadron masses and effective chemical potentials in the medium and a transition to a chirally restored phase at high temperatures or chemical potentials. the influence of three different types of phase transitions is investigated. We show that the deduced freeze-out values considerably depend on the underlying model while the quality of the fit is approximately the same. 相似文献
79.
Recent mass measurements of proton-rich nuclei close to the N=Z line were used for the calculation of the interaction strength δV pn between valence protons and neutrons. When compared with δV pn values calculated from mass values of the AME’95 mass tables, the breaking down of the SU(4) symmetry is verified at Z=32,33,34. 相似文献
80.
Bou-Huot Phe Véronique Bounor-Legare Laurent David Alain Michel 《Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology》2004,31(1-3):47-50
We study the synthesis of organic-inorganic hybrids in the molten state of the polymer without solvent, by reactive processing. The synthesis is based in a first step upon the crosslinking of ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) through an exchange reaction between the pendant ester groups of EVA and tetrapropoxysilane (TPOS) in presence of dibutyltin oxide (DBTO) as an indispensable catalyst. Then in a second step the hydrolysis-condensation reactions of residual alkoxide groups results in silica network formation, which is covalently bonded with the organic network. An original approach was developed to correlate the evolution of the hydrolysis-condensation reactions through the assessment of propanol by gas chromatography and the evolution of the morphology through SAXS and TEM analysis. Silica-rich domains with a diameter close to 5 nm are obtained. 相似文献