A new palladium catalyzed protocol for atom-efficient cross-coupling reactions of triarylbismuths with aryl halides and triflates

A new palladium catalyzed protocol for an atom-efficient cross-coupling reaction of triarylbismuths with aryl halides and triflates has been described. The palladium catalytic system with Cs₂CO₃ base was found to be very efficient in DMA solvent to furnish excellent yields of cross-coupled functionalized biaryls in short reaction times.     

Analytic structure of ρ meson propagator at finite temperature

We analyse the structure of one-loop self-energy graphs for the ρ meson in real time formulation of finite temperature field theory. We find the discontinuities of these graphs across the unitary and the Landau cuts. These contributions are identified with different sources of medium modification discussed in the literature. We also calculate numerically the imaginary and the real parts of the self-energies and construct the spectral function of the ρ meson, which are compared with an earlier determination. A significant contribution arises from the unitary cut of the π ω loop, that was ignored so far in the literature.     

Markov property of continuous dislocation band propagation

Tensile tests were carried out by deforming polycrystalline samples of substitutional Al–2.5%Mg alloy at room temperature for a range of strain rates. The Portevin–Le Chatelier (PLC) effect was observed throughout the strain rate regime. The deformation bands in this region are found to be of type A in nature. From the analysis of the experimental stress time series data we could infer that the dynamics of type A dislocation band propagation is a Markov process.     

Synthesis,structure and antibacterial activity of manganese(III) complexes of a Schiff base derived from furfurylamine

Two new mononuclear complexes of manganese(III) viz. [MnL₂(LH)₂]ClO₄ (1) and [MnL₂(N₃)]·0.5CH₃OH (2) have been synthesized by reacting manganese perchlorate with furfurylamine and salicylaldehyde (plus sodium azide in 2) where L = (2-hydroxybenzyl-2-furylmethyl)imine, an asymmetric bidentate Schiff base formed in situ to bind the Mn(III) ion. The complexes have been characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, TGA and single crystal X-ray diffraction studies. Structural studies reveal that the complexes 1 and 2 adopt an octahedral and a square pyramidal geometry, respectively. The antibacterial activity of the complexes has been tested against Gram(+) and Gram(?) bacteria.     

Phytosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Walnut (Juglans regia) Bark with Characterization of the Antibacterial Activity against Streptococcus mutans

A green method using Juglans regia bark extract was used to synthesize silver nanoparticles at room temperature with monitoring by absorption spectroscopy. The size and shape of the synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and small-angle X-ray scattering. The average particle size was from 10 to 30?nm. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) was used for the separation, identification, and quantification of components of the plant extracts. A possible mechanism for the synthesis of nanoparticles was elucidated based on the GC–MS results. The synthesized silver nanoparticles showed effective inhibition against Streptococcus mutans, which is the main causative agent for dental caries. The nanoparticles also showed promising antibiofilm activity by inhibiting the glucosyltransferase enzyme.     

Simultaneous occurrence of energy transfer and photoinduced electron transfer in interactions of hen egg white lysozyme with 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide

The carcinogenic drug 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO) has been found to bind with the protein hen egg white lysozyme as evident from fluorescence quenching experiments. The binding constant and stoichiometry have been determined. The values of the thermodynamic parameters indicate that the interaction is an enthalpy-driven spontaneous phenomenon. The experimental value of change in free energy is similar to that obtained from the docking study. The far UV circular dichroism spectra show some changes in the secondary structure of protein. The high value of bimolecular quenching constant leads to the possibility of Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET). Along with FRET, the photoinduced electron transfer (PET) from tryptophan residue of protein to 4NQO has also been evident from the transient absorption spectra obtained in laser flash photolysis experiments. The simultaneous occurrence of FRET and PET is the key factor for quenching of intrinsic fluorescence of the protein as it binds with the drug.     

Invariant Measures and the Soliton Resolution Conjecture

The soliton resolution conjecture for the focusing nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLS) is the vaguely worded claim that a global solution of the NLS, for generic initial data, will eventually resolve into a radiation component that disperses like a linear solution, plus a localized component that behaves like a soliton or multisoliton solution. Considered to be one of the fundamental open problems in the area of nonlinear dispersive equations, this conjecture has eluded a proof or even a precise formulation to date. This paper proves a “statistical version” of this conjecture at mass‐subcritical nonlinearity, in the following sense: The uniform probability distribution on the set of all functions with a given mass and energy, if such a thing existed, would be a natural invariant measure for the NLS flow and would reflect the long‐term behavior for “generic initial data” with that mass and energy. Unfortunately, such a probability measure does not exist. We circumvent this problem by constructing a sequence of discrete measures that, in principle, approximate this fictitious probability distribution as the grid size goes to 0. We then show that a continuum limit of this sequence of probability measures does exist in a certain sense, and in agreement with the soliton resolution conjecture, the limit measure concentrates on the unique ground state soliton. Combining this with results from ergodic theory, we present a tentative formulation and proof of the soliton resolution conjecture in the discrete setting. The above results, following in the footsteps of a program of studying the long‐term behavior of nonlinear dispersive equations through their natural invariant measures initiated by Lebowitz, Rose, and Speer and carried forward by Bourgain, McKean, Tzvetkov, Oh, and others, are proved using a combination of techniques from large deviations, PDEs, harmonic analysis, and bare‐hands probability theory. It is valid in any dimension. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.