Self-Injection and Acceleration of Monoenergetic Electron Beams from Laser Wakefield Accelerators in a Highly Relativistic Regime

Self-injection and acceleration of monoenergetic electron beams from laser wakefield accelerators are first investigated in the highly relativistic regime, using 100 TW class, 27 fs laser pulses. Quasi-monoenergetic multi- bunched beams with energies as high as multi-hundredMeV are observed with simultaneous measurements of side-scattering emissions that indicate the formation of self-channelfing and self-injection of electrons into a plasma wake, referred to as a ＇bubble＇. The three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations confirmed multiple self-injection of electron bunches into the bubble and their beam acceleration with gradient of 1.5 GeV/cm.     

Ordered mesoporous silica materials (SBA-15) with good heat-resistant magnetism

A series of highly ordered mesoporous materials (CF-SBA-15) with heat-resistant magnetism have been successfully prepared from impregnation of cobalt salt, iron salt, and citric acid with as-synthesized SBA-15. XRD and N₂ isotherms indicate that these materials have highly ordered hexagonal mesoporous symmetry and open pore systems. The measurement of magnetic property shows that these materials are ferromagnetic even if calcined at 550 °C for 10 h in air, indicating their good heat-resistant magnetism. These results would be very important for recycle and regeneration of adsorbents and catalysts in practical applications. Moreover, this method may be useful for other mesoporous materials with thermally stable magnetism from a combination of other mesoporous materials such as MCM-41 with magnetic nanoparticles of MnFe₂O₄ and NiFe₂O₄.     

The weak energy condition and the expansion history of the Universe

We examine flat models containing a dark matter component and an arbitrary dark energy component, subject only to the constraint that the dark energy satisfies the weak energy condition. We determine the constraints that these conditions place on the evolution of the Hubble parameter with redshift, H(z)$H(z)$, and on the scaling of the coordinate distance with redshift, r(z)$r(z)$. Observational constraints on H(z)$H(z)$ are used to derive an upper bound on the current matter density. We demonstrate how the weak energy condition constrains fitting functions for r(z)$r(z)$.     

Fisher-Shannon plane and statistical complexity of atoms

Using the Hartree-Fock non-relativistic wave functions in the position and momentum spaces, the statistical measure of complexity C, due to López-Ruiz, Mancini, and Calbet for the neutral atoms as well as their monopositive and mononegative ions with atomic number Z=1-54 are reported. In C, given by the product of exponential power Shannon entropy and the average density, the latter is then replaced by the Fisher measure to obtain the Fisher-Shannon plane. Our numerical results suggest that in overall the Fisher-Shannon plane reproduces the trends given by C, with significantly enhanced sensitivity in the position, momentum and the product spaces in all neutral atoms and ions considered.     

邻羟基苯基荧光酮荧光法测定牛血清白蛋白

研究了邻羟基苯基荧光酮(o-HPF)荧光光度法测定牛血清白蛋白(BSA)的反应条件,在pH 7.90的BR缓冲溶液中,o-HPF与BSA作用形成稳定的结合物,导致体系荧光猝灭,依据其荧光猝灭程度与外加BSA量的关系建立了定量测定BSA的方法.该方法具有良好的选择性和稳定性,实验操作简单,干扰少,灵敏度较高,测定BSA线性范围为1.32～18.54μg·mL-1,回归方程为△F=431.51c(10-7 mol·L-1) 457.78,相关系数,r=0.997.测定方法中重金属离子如Pb(Ⅱ)等对BSA测定允许量较低,其他物质的存在对BSA的测定干扰较小.通过对o-HPF与BSA作用荧光猝灭常数的测定及热力学常数计算,讨论了o-HPF与BSA的作用机理,表明o-HPF与BSA作用方式主要为静电引力的非共价作用,BSA对o-HPF荧光猝灭为分子间形成了结合物而引起的静态猝灭.     

光纤Mach-Zehnder干涉仪系统

介绍了光纤Mach-Zehnder(MZ)干涉仪系统的结构.给出了光纤Mach-Zehnder干涉仪系统中信号光与参考光的干涉原理以及影响干涉光强的因素.同时也分析了光纤耦合器的交叉耦合,另外也给出了PZT的作用.阐述了光纤偏振控制器的结构、工作原理及其对光纤Mach-Zehnder干涉仪系统传感臂偏振态的控制,最后给出了光纤Mach-Zehnder干涉仪系统的应用.     

A straightforward method for wall impedance eduction in a flow duct

The development of the advanced liner technology for aeroengine noise control necessitates the impedance measurement method under realistic flow conditions. Currently, the methods for this need are mainly based on the inverse impedance eduction principle, confronting with the problems of initial guess, high computation cost, and low convergence. In view of this, a new strategy is developed that straightforwardly educes the impedance from the sound pressure information measured on the duct wall opposing to the test acoustic liner embedded in a flow duct. Here, the key insight is that the modal nature of the duct acoustic field renders a summed-exponential representation of the measured sound pressure; thus, the characterizing axial wave number can be readily extracted by means of Prony's method, and further the unknown impedance is calculated from the eigenvalue and dispersion relations based on the classical mode-decomposition analysis. This straightforward method is simple in its basic principle but remarkably has the advantages of ultimately overcoming the drawbacks inherent to the inverse methods, incorporating the realistic multimode nonprogressive wave effects, high computational efficiency, possibly reducing the measurement points, and even avoiding the necessity of the duct exit impedance that bothers perhaps all the existing waveguide methods.     

MOCVD生长中载气H2对N掺杂ZnO性质的影响

采用MOCVD方法在石英衬底上生长ZnO。实验使用二乙基锌(DEZn)为锌源,N2O作为氧和氮源,H2作为载气。采用PL和Raman光谱方法对ZnO样品进行表征,结果表明H2的加入大幅度减少薄膜中碳的掺入,明显改善了薄膜的光学质量。采用N2O离化技术,可以进一步提高其带边峰的强度,抑制带内发光。XRD测量表明,生长的ZnO薄膜具有c轴择优取向。目前生长高质量N掺杂的p型ZnO薄膜是很困难的,而H2作为载气的加入明显改善了ZnO薄膜的光学性质,在生长过程中加入H2将为获得高质量N掺杂的p型ZnO薄膜提供一种途径。     

可见光波在天然金属基界面正负折射机理的研究和进展

Snell定律揭示了光在穿越不同介质界面时的传播和折射规律,这是现代物理光学的重要基础。追求完美光学透镜的途径之一是寻找正负折射率匹配材料,但在相当长时期内,在自然界中从未发现有违背Snell定律的天然负折射率材料存在。在本研究工作中制备了一系列入射角精确可控的楔形贵金属金和银等样品,采用不同波长的激光,对于光在最简单的天然贵金属界面传播时所发生的由负到正折射特性变化进行了定量实验测量,获得表观折射率随入射和折射角变化的定量关系。对于导致奇异光折射现象的各种争议性机理进行了细致探索和讨论,这与等离子体、负磁导率和Goos-Hanchen等效应无关。研究结果将有助于人们理解光在金属基微结构中发生正负折射传播的物理机理,从而为新型微纳光电子材料和器件的研制和应用建立基础。     

980 nm大功率垂直腔面发射激光器偏振特性

大功率垂直腔面发射激光器单管器件出光口径大、横向模式多。随着注入电流和工作温度的改变出射光偏振态在两个正交偏振基态上转换。为分析输出光偏振特性,采用500μm出光口径980nm底发射器件,通过控制器件热沉温度,利用偏振分光镜分离正交偏振基态为透射波和反射波,半导体综合参数测试仪测量其功率、中心波长等参量。分析得出:两个偏振态的光功率温度特性与未加偏振分光镜时的总输出光的温度特性基本一致,中心波长差随温度升高缓慢增加。在温度低于328K时,随着注入电流的增大,反射波首先达到阈值,形成激射。但透射光波形成激射后其斜效率大于反射波。因此在达到某个电流后两个偏振态的功率变化曲线出现交替。当温度升高到328K以上时两个偏振态的功率曲线却没有明显的交替。根据对大尺寸VCSEL器件偏振特性的研究,提出通过外腔选频的方法来控制偏振的方案,分析计算后得出外腔腔长大约为0.45mm。