485—Spectroelectrochemical evidence for imine-alcohol intermediate formed upon electrochemical oxidation of uric acid

Electrochemical oxidation of uric acid in phosphate-containing supporting electrolytes between pH 3–9 at a reticulated vitreous carbon electrode in a thin-layer spectroelectrochemical cell leads to formation of U.V.-absorbing intermediate species. Electrochemical reduction of the intermediate-containing solution leads to the partial regeneration of uric acid. This behavior provides compelling evidence that an imine-alcohol is one of the U.V.-absorbing intermediate species since only this compound may be expected to be reduced to a species which can regenerate uric acid.     

Quantitative treatment of substituent effects in the polarographic investigations of some potential antineoplastic 2-amino-4-aryl-5-phenylazothiazoles

Polarographic reduction of 2-amino-4-aryl-5-phenylazothiazoles takes place in a single 2-electron transfer, giving a diffusion-controlled irreversible wave in the pH range 2.0-10.0. Substituents in the 4-position of the thiazole moiety shift the half-wave potential through conjugation of the system. A correlation of E(sol;1 2 ) with the Brown and Hammett substituent constant has also been established.     

Formation of circular fringes with dark centre in diffused light at infinity

The generation of a circular fringe system of Newton rings' type with dark fringe at the centre is described. Such fringes are localized at infinity and are produced by a pair of longitudinally displaced mutually complimentary diffusers. Experimental results under various displacement configurations have been presented.     

Determination of economic packaging frequency in a multi-brand joint replenishment inventory system

The search procedure developed in this paper is typically applicable in those inventory systems where a product is packaged immediately after manufacture into a number of container sizes and the packaged items of similar sizes are sold under more than one brand name. The most common example of such items can be seen in supermarkets where grocery items of identical characteristics (produced by the same manufacture) are available under the supermarket's own brand and under the manufacturer's nationally advertised brand. An example has been solved to illustrate the method.     

N-heterocyclic carbene catalyzed aroylation of 3,5-dichloro-2(1H)-pyrazinones

The N-heterocyclic carbene catalyzed chemoselective C3-aroylation of 3,5-dichloro-2(1H)-pyrazinones with various aldehydes is reported. We herein describe results of this remarkable mild and efficient procedure.     

CFD evaluation of drop retraction methods for the measurement of interfacial tension of surfactant-laden drops

Drop retraction methods are popular means of measuring the interfacial tension between immiscible polymers. Experiments show that two different drop retraction methods, imbedded fiber retraction (IFR) and deformed drop retraction (DDR), give inconsistent results when a surfactant is present on the surface of the drop. These inconsistencies are deemed to be due to dilution of the surfactant and due to gradients in interfacial concentration of surfactant along the drop surface. This physical picture is quantified for the simple case of a Newtonian drop in a Newtonian matrix, with an insoluble, nondiffusive surfactant at the interface. The drop is deformed in computational fluid dynamics simulations by shearing the matrix, and then allowed to retract. Dilution and interfacial tension gradients effects are found to be especially large at the early stages of retraction, making IFR unsuitable for measuring the interfacial tension of surfactant-laden interfaces. The effects of surfactant dilution and gradients are found to persist even at late stages of retraction, causing the DDR method to underestimate the equilibrium interfacial tension significantly. The largest underestimates occur when the drop viscosity is lower than the matrix viscosity.     

A Sensitive HPTLC method for Estimation of Swertiamarin in Enicostemma littorale Blume,Swertia chirata (Wall) Clarke,and in formulations containing E. littorale

JPC – Journal of Planar Chromatography – Modern TLC - Swertiamarin is a secoiridoid glucoside present in members of the Gentianaceae family, including Swertia chirata (Wall) Clarke, S....     

Synthesis and characterization of d-glucosamine-derived low molecular weight gelators

Carbohydrate-based low molecular weight gelators are an interesting class of molecules with many potential applications. Previously, we have found that certain esters and carbamates of 4,6-O-benzylidene-α-d-methyl-glucopyranoside are low molecular weight gelators for a variety of solvents, including water. In order to obtain effective and robust sugar-based organogelators and understand the structure and gelation relationship, we extended our studies using 4,6-O-benzylidene-α-d-methyl-2-deoxy-2-amino-glucopyranoside as the headgroup. A series of amides and ureas were prepared from the protected d-glucosamine and the corresponding isocyanates or acid chlorides, in good yields. The self-assembling properties of these compounds were studied in several solvents, including water and aqueous solutions. Comparing to the ester and carbamate derivatives previously prepared from d-glucose, the amides and urea derivatives afforded more robust gels at lower concentrations typically. Most of these compounds were found to be efficient low molecular weight hydrogelators (LMHGs) for aqueous solutions at concentrations lower than 0.5 wt %. The preparation and characterization of these compounds are reported here.