Novel tetracyclic spiropiperidines. II. Synthesis of 2-aryl-2,3-dihydrospiro[benzofuran-3,4′-piperidines]

A series of 2-aryl-2,3-dihydropsiro[benzofuran-3,4′-piperidines] has been synthesized as potential psychotropic agents via an efficient intramolecular fluorine displacement reaction. Treatment of a key intermediate, 4-cyano-4-(2-fluorophenyl)-1-methylpiperidine ( 2 ), with a large excess of phenylmagnesium bromide in refluxing tetrahydrofuran led to some 2-arylspiro[3H-indole-3,4′-piperidine] derivatives, 10 and 11 , whose structures are elucidated on the basis of chemical and spectral evidence.     

Kinetic Destabilization of Metal–Metal Single Bonds: Isolation of a Pentacoordinate Manganese(0) Monoradical

The 17e⁻ monoradical [Mn(CO)₅] is widely recognized as an unstable organometallic transient and is known to dimerize rapidly with the formation of a Mn Mn single bond. As a result of this instability, isolable analogues of [Mn(CO)₅] have remained elusive. Herein, we show that two sterically encumbering isocyanide ligands can destabilize the Mn Mn bond leading to the formation of the isolable, manganese(0) monoradical [Mn(CO)₃(CNAr^Dipp2)₂] (Ar^Dipp2=2,6‐(2,6‐(iPr)₂C₆H₃)₂C₆H₃). The persistence of [Mn(CO)₃(CNAr^Dipp2)₂] has allowed for new insights into nitrosoarene spin‐trapping studies of [Mn(CO)₅].     

Nickel und Kobalt

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Gheorghe Ţiţeica and the origins of affine differential geometry

We describe the historical and ideological context that brought to the fore the study of a centro-affine invariant that subsequently received much attention. The invariant was introduced by ?i?eica in 1907, and this discovery has been viewed by many as a consequence of Klein's Erlangen program. We thus present the starting point of affine differential geometry, as it was discovered by ?i?eica after his years in the Ph.D. program in Paris (1896–1899) under the guidance of Gaston Darboux.     

Controlled Expansion of a Strong‐Field Iron Nitride Cluster: Multi‐Site Ligand Substitution as a Strategy for Activating Interstitial Nitride Nucleophilicity

Multimetallic clusters have long been investigated as molecular surrogates for reactive sites on metal surfaces. In the case of the μ₄‐nitrido cluster [Fe₄(μ₄‐N)(CO)₁₂]^?, this analogy is limited owing to the electron‐withdrawing effect of carbonyl ligands on the iron nitride core. Described here is the synthesis and reactivity of [Fe₄(μ₄‐N)(CO)₈(CNAr^Mes2)₄]^?, an electron‐rich analogue of [Fe₄(μ₄‐N)(CO)₁₂]^?, where the interstitial nitride displays significant nucleophilicity. This characteristic enables rational expansion with main‐group and transition‐metal centers to yield unsaturated sites. The resulting clusters display surface‐like reactivity through coordination‐sphere‐dependent atom rearrangement and metal–metal cooperativity.     

Fire reaction properties of polystyrene-based nanocomposites using nanosilica and nanoclay as additives in cone calorimeter test

Using nanofiller additives in the polymer matrix to form nanocomposites is a potential way of reducing the flame spread and enhancing flame retardancy of polymeric materials during fire. To understand the fire reaction properties and the relative performance of flame-retardant additives in polymer during well-developed fire, neat polystyrene, polystyrene–silica and polystyrene–nanoclay (MMT) have been tested in a cone calorimeter. The neat polystyrene and the polystyrene nanocomposites have been prepared via an in situ polymerization method. An external heat flux of 50 kW m^?2 was applied in the test, and parameters such as heat release rate, peak heat release rate, time to ignition, smoke toxicity, CO and CO₂ yield have been investigated. Both neat polystyrene and polystyrene nanocomposites have shown the trend of a thermally thick charring polymer in the heat release rate over time data. The nanocomposites had an overall better flame retardancy than the neat polystyrene in terms of lower peak heat release rate, lower average mass loss rate and enhanced char formation. The nanocomposites had also reduced smoke emission with lower CO and CO₂ yield compared to the neat polystyrene. The overall flame retardancy was enhanced as the nanofiller loading was increased for both the nanosilica and MMT nanocomposites.