A Novel, Simple and Efficient Synthesis of Ferrocenyl Enones and Alkynols

Propargylic alcohols are versatile precursors to many organic molecules including natural products and pharmaceutical compounds.[1] In our continuing interest in the development of practical methods for synthesis of ferrocene derivatives, we decided to investigate the efficiencies of ferrocenylacetylene addition to aromatic aldehydes under t-BuOKcatalyzed condition.[2] Interestingly, we found that the usually reliable coupling reaction between terminal alkyne of type 1 and aromatic aldehydes of type 2 does not furnish the expected propargylic alcohols, but that the isomeric aryl enones 3are found in high yield and very short reaction time (10～20 min). This provided a promising protocol for preparation of ferrocenyl chalcones in a practical, economical and mild sense compared with the traditional method. To the best of our knowledge, this unusual reaction was first observed for the addition of ferrocenylacetylene to aldehyde in a base-catalyzed manner (Eq. 1).     

Microwave-Assisted Olefination Reaction of Alkylzinc with Aromatic Aldehyde Catalyzed by Nickel Complex

Carbon-carbon double bond-forming reactions have always been great importance in organic synthesis. Manymethods have been described for C =C bond formation. We[1] have reported the new method of C =C bond formation of nickel catalyzed organozinc with aromatic aldehydes in the presence of Me3SiC1.     

Entropy of self-gravitating radiation

We examine the entropy of self-gravitating radiation confined to a spherical box of radiusR in the context of general relativity. We expect that configurations (i.e., initial data) which extremize total entropy will be spherically symmetric, time symmetric distributions of radiation in local thermodynamic equilibrium. Assuming this is the case, we prove that extrema ofS coincide precisely with static equilibrium configurations of the radiation fluid. Furthermore, dynamically stable equilibrium configurations are shown to coincide with local maxima ofS. The equilibrium configurations and their entropies are calculated and their properties are discussed. However, it is shown that entropies higher than these local extrema can be achieved and, indeed, arbitrarily high entropies can be attained by configurations inside of or outside but arbitrarily near their own Schwarzschild radius. However, if we limit consideration to configurations which are outside their own Schwarzschild radius by at least one radiation wavelength, then the entropy is bounded and we find S_max MR, whereM is the total mass. This supports the validity for self-gravitating systems of the Bekenstein upper limit on the entropy to energy ratio of material bodies.     

高能闪光照相中影响光程确定的几个因素

 利用闪光照相基本原理和成像原理，在直接记录法和转换屏记录法的情况下，研究了闪光照相中影响X射线在材料中光程确定的主要因素。结果表明，影响光程确定的几个因素是：散射效应、光源角分布效应、立体角效应和能谱效应。对于高能闪光照相，散射效应是影响光程确定的最主要因素，散射的存在使光程的测量值比实际值降低20%～40%。因此必须在做CT之前，对散射的影响进行修正。     

一种光纤F-P声发射传感器的设计与实现

为克服压电陶瓷传感器易受电磁干扰、不能实现长期实时检测的缺点,提出了光纤非本征F-P结构测量声发射信号的思想.对光纤非本征F-P腔声发射测量原理进行分析,提出了双波长的稳定方法,并进行了结构参量的优化设计,确定了合适的反射比、波长及F-P腔长.理论分析和实验结果表明：所设计的非本征F-P光纤声发射传感器具有良好的敏感性和高分辨率.     

基于最小各向同性小波滤波的图像清晰度识别

提出了基于最小各向同性小波滤波的图像清晰度识别方法,对二维最小各向同性小波滤波提取图像特征进行了研究.直接将原始图像通过带通小波滤波器G0获得图像边缘信息,结合图像能量分析,建立了基于小波滤波的图像清晰度评价函数.利用构建的显微镜自动对焦实验平台,比较分析了基于小波滤波和拉普拉斯的评价方法.实验结果表明,采用基于各向同性小波滤波的自动对焦算法有更好的综合自动对焦性能.     

悬线式物镜力矩器中频段共振理论及实验分析

悬线式物镜力矩器是高密度光盘系统中关键部件——光学头的可执行机构,其运动特性决定着光学头的读盘能力。在光学头研制、生产及测试中发现某些力矩器频率特性曲线的线性工作区内出现共振,它会导致光学头的读碟能力下降。通过对力矩器可动部建模、ansys仿真及实验分析,得出力矩器可动部的质心和力心不重合将导致其在中频段内发生扭转共振。实验结论对悬线式物镜力矩器设计、评价和生产都有重要的指导意义。     

全自动高温水解-离子色谱法测定氧化镧铈中氟、氯

为探究稀土氧化物中氟(F)和氯(Cl)元素含量的快速检测方法,通过全自动高温水解仪对氧化镧铈样品进行前处理,并利用氢氧根体系离子色谱仪检测吸收液中F-、Cl-离子的含量,建立了基于全自动高温水解-离子色谱法测定氧化镧铈中的F、Cl元素含量的快速检测方法,该方法有效避免了传统前处理方法过程复杂、分析时间慢、极易受人为干扰的问题。称取0.3g氧化镧铈样品,在氧气流量为300 mL/min,1100 ℃高温下水解燃烧20 min,吸收定容为体积20mL的吸收液,以NAOH(15mmol/L)作为淋洗液,经色谱柱分离,测得F-与Cl-在质量浓度为1.00 mg/L-15.00 mg/L范围内,质量浓度与离子色谱峰面积呈线性关系,相关系数均为0.9999。检出限分别为0.003mg/L和0.12mg/L。全自动高温水解仪联用离子色谱仪检测系统对氧化镧铈中F-的平均加标回收率测定结果为98.4%,标准偏差RSD为0.94%;对Cl-的加标回收率测定结果为97.8%,RSD为2.86%。说明该方法较高准确度及精密度,测试结果准确可靠满足企业和检测机构的测试需求,为稀土氧化中氟、氯元素含量的研究及相关产品的开发提供了理论基础。     

新型皮肤摩擦特性测量装置的实验研究

研制出新型皮肤摩擦特性测量装置并用于测量人及动物体内、外皮肤的摩擦特性,在不同试验参数下测定了皮肤与假肢接受腔材料之间的摩擦系数.结果表明:该装置法向加载精度高达99.59%;在相同试验条件下测得猪体外皮肤摩擦系数的重复性较好;在人体上、下肢不同部位,只有手掌部位皮肤与其它部位的摩擦系数有显著性差异(P＜0.005);在控制法向载荷和往复移动频率2种模式下得到兔体内皮肤摩擦系数的试验结果具有可比性,摩擦系数随着法向载荷的增加而降低,随着往复移动频率的增加而增大;用该装置摩擦前后其皮肤组织结构有明显变化.     

等离子体湍流能量传输的尺度相关性

对于空间环境中近乎无碰撞的等离子体,可采用Vlasov方程进行理论描述,基于Vlasov方程,讨论了等离子体湍流能量传输和耗散的过程:由亚格子应力引起的尺度间的能量传输,电场做功,压强张量做功(压强张量与速度梯度张量的相互作用).通过混合Vlasov-Maxwell(HVM)数值模拟,进一步研究了能量传输通道之间的联系...