Synthesis of 2-(o-chloropheny)- and 2-(2′,6′-dichlorophenyl)-4-formyl-1,2,3-triazoles

Mesoaldehyde 1,3-dioxime was treated with either o-chlorophenyl- or 2,6 dichloro-phenylhydrazine to give the corresponding 2-chlorophenylhydrazone. Hydrazones 1a and 1b were treated with acetic anhydride and cyclized to triazoles ( 3a and 6a ) with cesium carbonate. These were then hydrolized to the previously unknown chlorophenyltriazole aldehydes ( 4a and 4b ). They were also converted to a number of acid derivatives, alcohols, and amines.     

Buckling of folded-plate structures

Folded plates are widely used as a structural system for roofing large floor areas which are to be unobstructed by the presence of interior column supports. Techniques for the analysis of such structures for stress, deformation and carrying capacity are well known; however, information concerning the possibility of local or general buckling of such structures is lacking. This paper reports experiments performed on twenty-one, single-cell, simply supported, folded-plate structural models which were designed to explore the buckling characteristics of this class of structure. Techniques for the fabrication and testing of the models are reported together with a correlation of the measured and the predicted buckling load for each of the twenty-one models in which instability behavior was observed.     

The reactions of nitric oxide with nickel films as studied by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy has been employed to study the reactions between nitric oxide and freshly deposited nickel films. When the nickel surface is treated with NO at pressures of less than 1 · 10^?4 torr for 60 s (6000L), the NO is dissociatively adsorbed with no oxidation of the nickel surface. When treated with 0.40 torr of NO that has been exposed to varying degrees of oxidation, the nickel surface is oxidized and species such as NO₃^?, NO₂^?, NO and N₂ may be found on the surface. The species found are determined by the extent of oxidation of NO.     

Precision observables and electroweak theories

We compute the bounds from precision observables on alternative theories of electroweak symmetry breaking. We show that a cutoff as large as 3 TeV can be accommodated by the present data, without any new particles or unnatural fine tuning.     

Implementing EPR Dosimetry for Life-Threatening Incidents: Factors Beyond Technical Performance

Starting with the assumption that a device to detect unplanned radiation exposures is technically superior to current technology, we examine the additional stakeholders and processes that must be considered to move the device from the lab into use. The use is to provide reliable information to triage people for early treatment of exposure to ionizing radiation that could lead to the Acute Radiation Syndrome. The scenario is a major accident or terrorist event that leaves a large number of people potentially exposed, with the resulting need to identify those to treat promptly or not. In vivo EPR dosimetry is the exemplar of such a technique.Three major areas are reviewed: policy considerations, regulatory clearance, and production of the device. Our analysis of policy-making indicates that the current system is very complex, with multiple significant decision-makers who may have conflicting agendas. Adoption of new technologies by policy-makers is further complicated because many sources of expert input already have made public stances or have reasons to prefer current solutions, e.g., some may have conflicts of interest in approving new devices because they are involved with the development or adoption of competing techniques. Regulatory clearance is complicated by not being able to collect evidence via clinical trials of its intended use, but pathways for approval for emergency use are under development by the FDA. The production of the new device could be problematical if the perceived market is too limited, particularly for private manufacturers; for in vivo EPR dosimetry the potential for other uses may be a mitigating factor.Overall we conclude that technical superiority of a technique does not in itself assure its rapid and effective adoption, even where the need is great and the alternatives are not satisfactory for large populations. Many important steps remain to achieve the goals of approval and adoption for use.