Cyclization of o-nitrosoacylbenzenes to anthranils

5-Bromo- and 5-methoxy-3-ethylanthranils, respectively, were obtained by cyclization of o-nitrosopropiophenone under the influence of hydrogen bromide in benzene and hydrogen chloride in methanol. In these reactions, the starting nitroso ketone undergoes redox transformations that also proceed readily in an inert solvent in the absence of any cyclizing reagents.Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 7, pp. 886–890, July. 1976.     

Protolytic reactions of 3,3'-dimethylnaphthidine and 3,3'-dimethoxybenzidine

The dissociation constants of diprotonated 3,3'-dimethylnaphthidine (DMN) and 3,3'-dimethoxybenzidine (DMB) have been determined spectrophotometrically. They are: pK(a1) = 2.62 +/- 0.03, pK(a2) = 3.33 +/- 0.09 for DMN: pK(a1) = 2.83 +/- 0.07, pK(a2) = 4.05 +/- 0.12 for DMB. The molar absorptivities (l.mole(-1).cm(-1)) of all forms of the indicators have been also determined: epsilon(B) = 1.68 x 10(4), epsilon(BH(+)) = 9.34 x 10(3), epsilon(BH(2+)(2)) = 1.80 x 10(3) at 300 nm for DMB; epsilon(B) = 7.33 x 10(3), epsilon(BH(+)) = 3.73 x 10(3), epsilon(BH(2+)(2)) = 0 at 330 nm for DMN.     

Five-membered-ring-substituted 1-methyl-1H-indeno[1,2-b]pyridines

1-Methyl-1H-indeno[1,2-b]pyridine and 1-methyl-1H-5-(, -dicarbomethoxyvinyl)-(formyl, acetyl)indeno[3,2-b]pyridines were obtained by treatment of N-methyl-4-azafluorenium iodide, as well as mixtures of it with acetylenedicarboxylic ester, dimethylformamide (DMF), and phosphorus oxychloride or acetic anhydride, with bases. 4-Azafluoronenone was used to synthesize 9-(p-methoxyphenyl)-4-azafluoren-9-ol, which was reduced to 9-(p-methoxyphenyl)-4-azafluorene, and 1-methyl-1H-5-(p-methoxyphenyl)indeno[3,2-b]pyridine was obtained from the methiodide of the latter.Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1382–1386, October, 1981.     

Preliminary analyses of natural radionuclides in selected Turkish power plant lignites

This preliminary study presents the experimental results concerning the concentrations of selected radionuclides (²³⁸U, ²³²K, ²²⁶Ra, ²³²Th) in Af?in-Elbistan, Çan, Çay?rhan, Erzurum, Göynük, Kangal, Orhaneli, Saray, Seyitömer, Soma, Tunçbilek, Yata?an and Yeniköy lignites, which are primarily utilized as fuel for thermal power plants in Turkey. Gamma-spectrometry of 39 representative lignite samples gave results with the following concentration ranges: 8 to 296 Bq/kg for ²³⁸U, 3 to 79 Bq/kg for ²³²Th, 17 to 360 Bq/kg for 40K, and 5 to 130 Bq/kg for ²²⁶Ra. The ²³⁸U results reported here are higher than other literature values for various world coals, earth's crust and world average.     

The isotropy of Gaussian molecular networks and the stress-birefringence relations for rubberlike materials cross-linked in stressed states

Summary Using the model and some results of theJames andGuth theory of rabberlike elasticity, the relations between stress, birefringence, and strain (measured from the unstressed state) are re-derived by an argument which does not make use of certain assumptions used in previous derivations concerning the isotropy of the distribution of vectors joining junction mean positions and the fixing of junctions in their mean positions. It is proved that in the Gaussian approximation a rubberlike material is necessarily isotropic in the sense that the relations between the stress, strain, and refractive index involve no anisotropic constant tensors. The argument is applicable to networks whose junctions are introduced when the material is in different states of stress, and furnishes strong reasons for regarding the relations between flow birefringence and stress, previously derived on the basis of a network theory for concentrated polymer solutions, as being no longer restricted to solutions of constant viscosity.

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Zusammenfassung Unter Verwendung des Modells und einiger Ergebnisse der Theorie vonJames undGuth für Gummielastizit?t wurden die Beziehungen zwischen Spannung Doppelbrechung und Verformung (gemessen gegen den unbelasteten Zustand) erneut abgeleitet. Es wurde kein Gebrauch gemacht von den in früheren Ableitungen enthaltenen Annahmen über die Fixierung der Bindungen in mittleren Positionen und über die Isotropie der Verteilung der Vektoren, die diese Positionen verbinden. Es wird gezeigt, da? in derGauss-N?herung eines gummiartigen Materials Isotropie in dem Sinne erforderlich ist, da? die Beziehungen zwischen Spannung, Verformung und Brechungsindex keine anisotropen Tensoren der Konstanten enthalten. Diese Ableitung ist anwendbar auf Netzwerke, deren Bindungen eingeführt werden, w?hrend das Material in verschiedenen Spannungszust?nden vorliegt, und liefert eine gute Grundlage für die Annahme, da? die Beziehungen zwischen Str?mungsdoppelbrechung und Spannung, die früher auf Grund der Netzwerktheorie für konzentrierte Polymerenl?sungen abgeleitet wurden, nicht mehr auf L?sungen konstanter Viskosit?t beschr?nkt sind.