弛豫铁电单晶的生长及性能优化研究进展

钙钛矿型(ABO₃)弛豫铁电单晶具有优异的机电耦合性能,被认为是研制下一代医疗超声换能器、高精度压电驱动器、水声换能器等机电耦合器件的核心关键材料。针对弛豫铁电单晶材料制备与物理性能方面尚存在的基础科学与工艺问题,本文综述了近些年弛豫铁电单晶生长与性能优化方面的研究进展,包括若干新的单晶生长方法用以改善弛豫铁电单晶的成分和性能均匀性,提升弛豫铁电单晶压电性能的系列新方法,通过铁电畴结构调控以获得高透光率的弛豫铁电单晶,以及高性能弛豫铁电单晶在电光技术领域的应用等。     

Quantitative Detection of Chromium Pollution in Biochar Based on Matrix Effect Classification Regression Model

Returning biochar to farmland has become one of the nationally promoted technologies for soil remediation and improvement in China. Rapid detection of heavy metals in biochar derived from varied materials can provide a guarantee for contaminated soil, avoiding secondary pollution. This work aims first to apply laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) for the quantitative detection of Cr in biochar. Learning from the principles of traditional matrix effect correction methods, calibration samples were divided into 1–3 classifications by an unsupervised hierarchical clustering method based on the main elemental LIBS data in biochar. The prediction samples were then divided into diverse classifications of calibration samples by a supervised K-nearest neighbor (KNN) algorithm. By comparing the effects of multiple partial least squares regression (PLSR) models, the results show that larger numbered classifications have a lower averaged relative standard deviations of cross-validation (ARSDCV) value, signifying a better calibration performance. Therefore, the 3 classification regression model was employed in this study, which had a better prediction performance with a lower averaged relative standard deviations of prediction (ARSDP) value of 8.13%, in comparison with our previous research and related literature results. The LIBS technology combined with matrix effect classification regression model can weaken the influence of the complex matrix effect of biochar and achieve accurate quantification of contaminated metal Cr in biochar.     

功能化医用聚氨酯弹性体制备及生物医用研究进展※

热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)弹性体因其良好的可加工性、机械性能和生物安全性而被广泛应用于生物医学领域. 绝大部分TPU都由大分子二元醇软段以及异氰酸酯和小分子扩链剂形成的硬段组成, 这两者分别提供基体的弹性与链网络的框架刚性. 小分子扩链剂二元醇/胺和二异氰酸酯的结构设计是构建功能化TPU的主要途径. 研究者根据特定临床应用场景和使用需求, 设计和制备相应的功能化单体, 并开发出相应的医用TPU. 本综述首先介绍了大分子二元醇、二异氰酸酯以及扩链剂的种类以及各自的特点, 对其特有的微相分离结构做了介绍, 并明晰了化学/物理结构与最终性能的关系. 随后, 综述了国内外TPU在生物医学领域的研究进展和应用, 重点阐述了医用TPU在抗菌、抗凝血、耐水解耐氧化、自愈性以及可降解等方面的发展情况. 最后, 通过总结和分析医用TPU及其器械评价的相关标准, 提出了产业化应用的关键问题, 并展望了医用TPU未来的发展方向.     

Stress Recovery Procedure for the Bonded Particle Model

In the simulation of discontinuous block systems,the discrete element method(DEM)has better computational efficiency and convergence than the finite element met...     

磷掺杂镍基硫化物超薄纳米片构筑多级微孔双功能催化剂促进高效水电解产氢

利用一步水热合成法在三维多孔泡沫镍(nickel foam, 简称 NF)表面构筑了由超薄纳米片交织互联形成的多级微孔结构复合材料。当初始混合料液中硫、磷物质的量之比为 1:1时, 在 120℃下水热反应 24 h获得了以 Ni₃S₂为主晶相、少量 NiPS₃为次晶相的镍基复合电催化剂(NiSP/NF)。得益于其超薄纳米片交织形成的独特二级微孔结构, 其电化学活性面积较空白 NF增加了近 14倍, 也为其在水电解析氢反应中的应用提供了充足的活性位点和界面通道。同时, 受益于晶态 Ni₃S₂和 NiPS₃所造成的晶格缺陷和强电子作用, 材料的本征催化活性也得以显著提升。多方协同作用使得 NiSP/NF在全水分解中均表现出优异的催化性能, 其在 1 mol·L^-1 KOH溶液中获得 10 mA·cm^-2的电流密度需要的析氢和析氧过电位仅为-67和 212 mV。在全水分解电解槽中, 其获得 100 mA·cm^-2的电流密度仅需 1.878 V的槽电压, 甚至在 500 mA·cm^-2的高电流密度下需要的分解槽压也仅为 2.558 V, 优于商业贵金属催化剂, 电解水产氢效率显著提高。NiSP/NF在全水分解中还呈现了极优异的长效稳定性及耐用性, 在电流密度为 500 mA·cm^-2时经过 120 h的恒电流催化后, 其增加的分解槽压不足 0.03 V。     

基于平面偶应力-Reissner/Mindlin板比拟的偶应力有限元

偶应力理论的有限元列式面临本质性的C1连续性困难. 平面偶应力理论和Reissner/Mindlin板弯曲理论之间的比拟关系表明这两个理论系统的有 限元的同一性，而R/M板有限元并不存在C1连续性困难. 因此，研究将R/M板单元转化为具有一般位移自由度的平面偶应力单元的一般方法. 根据这一方法，将典型的8节点Serendipity型R/M板单元Q8S转化为一个4节点12 自由度的四边形平面偶应力单元，数值结果表明该单元具有良好的精度和收敛性     

Bubble dynamics in a two-dimensional gas-solid fluidized bed

Related referential studies on gas-solid two-phase flows were briefly reviewed. Bubble ascending in a two-dimensional （2D） gas-solid fluidized bed was studied both experimentally and numerically. A modified continuum model expressed in the conservation form was used in numerical simulation. Solid-phase pressure was modeled via local sound speed; gas-phase turbulence was described by the K-ε two-equation model. The modified implicit multiphase formulation （IMF） scheme was used to solve the model equations in 2D Cartesian/cylindrical coordinates. The bubble ascending velocity and particle motion in the 2D fluidized bed were measured using the photochromic dye activation （PDA） technique, which was based on UV light activation of particles impregnated with the dye. Effects of bed height and superficial gas velocity on bubble formation and ascent were investigated numerically. The numerically obtained bubble ascending velocities were compared with experimental measurements. Gas bubble in jetting gas-solids fluidized bed was also simulated numerically.     

THERMODYNAMIC ANALYSIS AND EXPERIMENTAL VERIFICATION FOR SYNTHESIZING SILICON NITRIDE NANOPARTICLES USING RF PLASMA CVD

Silicon nitride nanoparticles were synthesized by radio-frequency (RF) plasma chemical vapor deposition (PCVD) using silicon tetrachloride and ammonia as precursors, and argon as carrier gas. By assuming chemical thermodynamic equilibrium in the system, a computer program based on chemical thermodynamics was used to calculate the compositions of the system at different initial concentrations and final temperatures. At first, five elements and thirty-four species were considered. The effects of temperatures, and concentrations of ammonia, hydrogen and nitrogen on the equilibrium compositions were analyzed. It was found that the optimal reaction temperature range should be 1200 to 1500 K to obtain the highest conversion and yield of Si3N4. The inlet position of ammonia should be lower than that of silicon tetrachloride, and both should be located at the tail of the plasma torch. The best moleratio of ammonia to silicon tetrachloride was found to be about 6. Later, the influences of water (.and oxygen) were considered, and 17 additional species were included in the computations. It was found that oxygen or water content in the raw materials should be as low as possible in order to have high nitride content in the produced Si3N4. Nitrogen or hydrogen might be used to replace some or even all the argon to improve the yield of silicon nitride and reduce the cost. The ratio of ammonia to silicon tetrachloride should be high enough to obtain high conversion, but not excessively high to reduce the oxygen content due to the existence of water in ammonia. The simulated results were verified bv experiments.