Palladium‐catalyzed unstrained C(sp3)―N bond activation: the synthesis of N,N‐dimethylacetamide by carbonylation of trimethylamine

This work describes a highly efficient unstrained C(sp³)―N bond activation approach for synthesis of N,N‐dimethylacetamide (DMAc) via catalytic carbonylation of trimethylamine using a PdCl₂/bipy (bipy = 2,2′‐bipyridine)/Me₄NI catalyst system. A low Pd catalyst dosage (1.0 mol%) is sufficient for high selectivity (98.1%) and yield (90.8%), with a turnover number (TON) of 90.0 mmol of DMAc obtained per mmol of PdCl₂ employed under mild reaction conditions. The influence of reaction parameters such as catalyst precursor dosage, ligand type and promoter on activity is investigated. This work also discusses in detail the halide promoter's role in the reaction, and provides a plausible mechanism based on the intermediates methyl iodide and acetyl iodide. Analyses indicate that the carbonylation of trimethylamine may proceed through an active intermediate acetyl iodide formed by carbonylation of methyl iodide generated from the decomposition of the promoter Me₄NI under reaction conditions. The formation of acetyl iodide favors the cleaving efficiency of the inert unstrained C(sp³)―N bond of trimethylamine. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

In vivo metabolism study of bergenin in rats by HPLC‐QTOF mass spectrometry

Bergenin is the major component of Ardisia creanta sims and Rodgersia sambucifolia hemsl with many biological activities. Although bergenin has been used to treat human diseases in China for man years, there is no report regarding its metabolism. This is the first report to separate and identify the metabolites of bergenin in vivo. In the study, HPLC/Q‐TOF‐MS/MS was used to investigate the metabolites of bergenin in vivo by analyzing the rat body fluid and feces samples. Three metabolites of bergenin were finally identified by the TIC chromatograms, and the structures were also confirmed by their MS² spectra. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

新型苯并[b]氮杂?-查尔酮杂合物的设计、合成及抗肿瘤活性研究

为了寻找高效、低毒的抗肿瘤药物，基于分子杂交的策略，将苯并[b]氮杂?结构引入查尔酮母体结构中，设计了12个未见文献报道的苯并[b]氮杂?-查尔酮杂合物（7a~7l）。并以苯胺为原料，经N-烷基化、羰基化、水解、环化和Claisen-Schmidt缩合反应合成了7a~7l，其结构经¹HNMR, ¹³CNMR和HR-MS(ESI)表征。采用MTT法评估了目标化合物对人胃癌细胞（HGC-27）、人肝癌细胞（HepG2）、人非小细胞肺癌细胞（A549）和人正常胃粘膜上皮细胞（GES-1）的抗增殖活性，并进一步采用流式细胞术和蛋白印迹法实验在细胞和蛋白水平上探究了活性最优化合物的抗肿瘤机制。结果表明：目标化合物对HGC-27细胞表现出较高的抗增殖活性，其中化合物7d对HGC-27细胞的抗增殖活性最强(IC₅₀=0.78 μmol•L^-1)，优于阳性对照顺铂(IC₅₀=7.38 μmol•L^-1)，同时其对人正常细胞GES-1的毒性较低（IC₅₀=22.77 μmol•L^-1, SI=29.19），弱于阳性对照顺铂（IC₅₀=9.51 μmol•L^-1, SI=1.29）。抗肿瘤机制研究表明:化合物7d能够将癌细胞HGC-27的细胞周期阻滞在G2/M期，并通过增加促凋亡蛋白Bax和降低抗凋亡蛋白Bcl-2的表达来诱导HGC-27细胞的凋亡。      

One-pot synthesis of N-aryl propargylamine from aromatic boronic acid,aqueous ammonia,and propargyl bromide under microwave-assisted conditions

A facile,one-pot synthesis of N-aryl propargylamine from aromatic boronic acid,aqueous ammonia,and propargyl bromide has been achieved under microwave-assisted conditions.The reactions can be smoothly completed within a total 10 min through a two-step procedure,including copper-catalyzed coupling of aromatic boronic acids with aqueous ammonia and following propargylation by propargyl bromide.     

硫杂吡啶番的合成和X射线结构分析

采用与文献不同的方法，在同一反应中同时得到了2，11-二硫[3．3]（3，5）吡啶番、2，11，20-三硫[3．3．3]（3，5）吡啶番和2,11，20，29-四硫[3．3．3．3]（3，5）吡啶番，通过^1H NMR、MS以及X射线晶体结构分析确定了其结构；丰富了吡啶番类化合物和与其形成配位化合物的结构和物性上的知识，为这些新型化合物的进一步研究提供了新的理论依据。     

FTIR investigation of the O-H[middle dot][middle dot][middle dot]Xe interaction in simple carboxylic acids in solid xenon

The O-H stretching region of the infrared spectra of a series of carboxylic acids in Xe matrices was investigated as a function of temperature. Upon increasing the temperature, the νO-H band site-components undergo reversible frequency blue-shifts, which are larger for the lowest-frequency components. This unprecedented observation indicates both that different types of O-H[middle dot][middle dot][middle dot]Xe specific interactions occur, depending on different trapping sites, and the prevalence of stronger interactions of this type for molecules trapped in sites corresponding to lower frequency νO-H band site-components. These results are in agreement with previous investigations pointing to an increased stabilization and larger νO-H frequency red-shifts in carboxylic acid∕Xe complexes bearing a specific H-bond like O-H[middle dot][middle dot][middle dot]Xe interaction. O-H[middle dot][middle dot][middle dot]Xe interaction energies were obtained theoretically and also estimated from the spectroscopic data. Changes in the interaction energies upon temperature variation were also evaluated.