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31.
LL Handley R Azcón Ruiz Lozano JM CM Scrimgeour 《Rapid communications in mass spectrometry : RCM》1999,13(13):1320-1324
It has long been evident that plant (15)N chiefly reflects the processes which fractionate (15)N/(14)N rather than the (15)N of plant N source(s). It has emerged recently that one of the most important fractionating processes contributing to the whole plant (15)N is the presence/absence, type or species of mycorrhiza, especially when interacting with nutrient deficiency. Ecto- and ericoid mycorrhizas are frequently associated with (15)N-depleted foliar (15)N, commonly as low as -12 per thousand. As shown by the present study, plants having no mycorrhiza, or those infected with various species of arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM)-forming fungi, interact with varying concentrations of soil nitrogen [N] and moisture to enrich plant (15)N by as much as 3.5 per thousand. Hence the lack of a mycorrhiza, or variation in the species of AM-forming fungal associations, can account for about 25% of the usually reported variations of foliar (15)N found in field situations and do so by (15)N enrichment rather than depletion. Copyright 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
32.
The optimization of fiber distribution is analyzed in order to improve the strength performance of metal-matrix composite material, which is submitted to two variable independent loads by coupling homogenization and shakedown theories. Numerical Direct Methods are applied to acquire the shakedown domain of three-dimensional heterogeneous elastic-perfectly plastic fiber-reinforced composite for optimal design. (© 2009 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) 相似文献
33.
em. Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dr. rer. nat. h. c. LL. d. h. c. Ernst Schmidt 《Heat and Mass Transfer》1972,5(1):81-83
A quadratic plate moves with very small clearance in an annular duct with a width of 1 cm2. This plate is connected to a turnable spindle in the axis of the duct and can move with it against a thin spiral spring. On both sides of this plate pressures are applied, the difference of which is to be measured. Its amount can be read with a pointer on a scale. In measuring a small loss of gas will occur through the narrow slit between plate and annular duct. If this loss is not admissable, it can be avoided by using two equal instruments, of which one works as zero-instrument in a kind of compensation method. The loss of the second instrument is supplied from an additional source of gas. The instrument permits measurements with an accuracy of fractions of thousandth of a mm water column.
Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Grigull zum 60. Geburtstag. 相似文献
Einfaches Gerät zur Messung sehr kleiner Druckdifferenzen
Zusammenfassung Eine quadratische Platte bewegt sich mit seht geringem Spiel in einem ringförmigen Kanal von l cm2 Querschnitt, sie ist mit einer drehbaren Welle verbunden, die in der Achse des Kanals liegt und kann sich mit dieser gegen eine dünne Spiralfeder bewegen. Auf die beiden Seiten dieser Platte wirkt die zu messende Druckdifferenz und ihre Größe kann mit Hilfe eines Zeigers abgelesen werden. Die Messung ist mit einer geringen Menge überströmenden Gases durch den Spalt zwischen Platte und Ringkanal verbunden. Ist diese Überströmung nicht zulässig, so kann man sie durch Verwenden von zwei Geräten gleicher Art vermeiden, von denen das eine als Nullinstrument nach einer Art von Kompensationsverfahren arbeitet und der Gasverlust des anderen von einer zusätzlichen Gasquelle geliefert wird. Das Gerät erlaubt Messungen mit einer Genauigkeit von Bruchteilen eines Tausendstel mm Wassersäule.
Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Grigull zum 60. Geburtstag. 相似文献
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LL. G. Chambers 《International Journal of Theoretical Physics》1971,4(5):321-325
A discussion is given of certain electromagnetic fields associated with charges moving with zero acceleration. These fields involve zero magnetic field and the creation of charge. 相似文献