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排序方式: 共有263条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
21.
This paper develops the basic analytical theory related to some recently introduced crowd dynamics models.Where well posedness was known only locally in time,it is here extended to all of R+.The result... 相似文献
22.
Rinaldo M. Colombo Massimiliano D. Rosini 《Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences》2005,28(13):1553-1567
We present a model for the flow of pedestrians that describes features typical of this flow, such as the fall due to panic in the outflow of people through a door. The mathematical techniques essentially depend on the use of non‐classical shocks in scalar conservation laws. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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24.
Classic Briggs-Rauscher oscillators use malonic acid (MA) as a substrate. The first organic product is iodomalonic acid. Iodomalonic acid (IMA) can serve as a substrate also; thus, the first product in that case is diiodomalonic acid (I(2)MA). Nonoscillating iodination kinetics can be followed by absorbance at 462 nm in acidic KIO(3) so long as IMA is in substantial excess over [I(2)]. At 25 °C, simulations lead to the two most important rate laws, and related rate constant estimates are reported. I(2)MA eventually decomposes by unknown processes, but I(2), O(2), H(2)O(2), and Mn(2+) speed up that decomposition, liberating most of the iodine back to the solution. Resorcinol is an effective inhibitor of oscillations both in MA oscillators and in IMA oscillators. Response of an IMA oscillator to varying amounts of resorcinol is shown herein and is similar to that for MA-based oscillators. The inhibitory effect of resorcinol is diminished by addition of IMA to a MA-based oscillator. The iodination reaction between IMA and resorcinol is too slow (0.043 M(-1) s(-1)) to account for the decreased inhibitory effectiveness of resorcinol. Rather, the decomposition of I(2)MA is responsible for the inhibition decrease. 相似文献
25.
Zhigang Xue Rinaldo Poli 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2013,51(16):3494-3504
The radical polymerization of vinyl acetate (VAc) is moderated by iron(II) acetylacetonate (Fe(acac)2) by the organometallic route (OMRP), as well as by degenerative transfer polymerization (DTP) when in the presence of excess radicals, through the formation of thermally labile organometallic FeIII dormant species. The poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc)‐FeIII(acac)2 dormant species has been isolated in the form of an oligomer and characterized by 1H NMR, EPR, and IR methods, and then used as a single‐component initiator for the OMRP of VAc. The degree of polymerization of this isolated oligomeric species demonstrates the limited ability of Fe(acac)2, relative to the Co(acac)2 congener, to rapidly trap the growing PVAc radical chain. Control under OMRP conditions is improved by the presence of Lewis bases, especially PMe2Ph. On the other hand, iron(II) phthalocyanine inhibits the radical polymerization of VAc completely. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2013 , 51, 3494–3504 相似文献
26.
Marcia Cristina Branciforti Vitor Sencadas Senentxu Lanceros‐Mendez Rinaldo Gregorio Jr. 《Journal of Polymer Science.Polymer Physics》2007,45(19):2793-2801
Oriented β‐phase films were obtained by utilizing two different techniques: conventional uniaxial drawing at 80 °C of predominantly α‐phase films, and by drawing almost exclusively β‐phase films obtained by crystallization at 60 °C from dimethylformamide (DMF) solution with subsequent pressing. Wide angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD) and pole figure plots showed that with the conventional drawing technique films oriented at a ratio (R) of 5 still contained about 20% of phase α, a crystallinity degree of 40% and β‐phase crystallographic c ‐axis orientation factor of 0.655. Drawing at 90 °C and with R = 4 of originally β‐phase films results in exclusively β‐phase films with crystallinity degree of 45% and orientation factor of 0.885. Crystalline phase, crystallinity degree, and crystallographic c‐axis orientation factor of both phases were also determined for α‐phase oriented films obtained by drawing α‐phase films at 140 °C. For films drawn at 140 °C the α to β phase transition drops to about 22%. Reduction in crystallinity degree with increasing R is more pronounced at draw temperature of 140 °C compared with 80 °C. Moreover, for both phases the c ‐axis orientation parallel to the draw direction is higher at draw temperature of 140 °C than at 80 °C. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 45: 2793–2801, 2007 相似文献
27.
Rinaldo Borghesani 《Meccanica》1972,7(4):227-231
Summary In this note the Author gives a general and unified treatment of first order phase equilibria for classical bodies like those considered by Truesdell and Toupin in[3].The Author reaches a system of partial differential equations (generalized Clapeyron equations) the conditions of whose solution are shown always to be satisfied.In particular, the Author derives the equations governing the polarized phase equilibrium for a fluid.Besides the equations ruling the phase equilibrium for a two phase n-component fluid mixture are given and the equivalence with the statical Gibbs-Duhem relation is shown.
This work was supported by the Gruppo Nazionale per la Fisica Matematica of C.N.R. 相似文献
Sommario In questa nota l'Autore presenta una trattazione generale ed unificata degli equilibri di fase del primo ordine per corpi classici come quelli definiti da Truesdell e Toupin in[3].L'Autore perviene ad un sistema di equazioni alle derivate parziali (equazioni di Clapeyron generalizzate) del quale si dimostra la integrabilità.In particolare, si deducono le equazioni che governano gli equilibri di fase polarizzati.Inoltre si ottengono le equazioni che regolano l'equilibrio di fase per una miscela fluida a n componenti; in questo caso si dimostra l'equivalenza delle equazioni con la relazione statica di Gibbs-Duhem.
This work was supported by the Gruppo Nazionale per la Fisica Matematica of C.N.R. 相似文献
28.
Leonelli F Blesi F Dirito P Trombetta A Ceccacci F La Bella A Migneco LM Marini Bettolo R 《The Journal of organic chemistry》2011,76(16):6871-6876
The problem of constructing diastereoselectively the C/D ring system of stemarane diterpenes from a bicyclo[2.2.2]octane intermediate was solved resulting in very simple synthesis of (+)-13-stemarene 1. The obtaining of the latter represents also a formal synthesis of (+)-18-deoxystemarin 2. In the key step, the epimeric mixture 10, dissolved in toluene, was converted by the action of TsOH into (+)-stemar-13-en-15-one 28. 相似文献
29.
Measurements of the tip leakage vortex structures and turbulence in the meridional plane of an axial water-jet pump 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurements at varying resolutions focus on the flow structures in the tip region of a water-jet
pump rotor, including the tip-clearance flow and the rollup process of a tip leakage vortex (TLV). Unobstructed views of these
regions are facilitated by matching the optical refractive index of the transparent pump with that of the fluid. High-magnification
data reveal the flow non-uniformities and associated turbulence within the tip gap. Instantaneous data and statistics of spatial
distributions and strength of vortices in the rotor passage reveal that the leakage flow emerges as a wall jet with a shear
layer containing a train of vortex filaments extending from the tip of the blade. These vortices are entrained into the TLV,
but do not have time to merge. TLV breakdown in the aft part of the blade passage further fragments these structures, increasing
their number and reducing their size. Analogy is made between the circumferential development of the TLV in the blade passage
and that of the starting jet vortex ring rollup. Subject to several assumptions, these flows display similar trends, including
conditions for TLV separation from the shear layer feeding vorticity into it. 相似文献
30.
A mixed discrete Fourier transform-Finite difference algorithm is developed and used for the calculation of rapidly changing viscous fluid flows past a circular cylinder. The numerical approach has been designed to overcome certain difficulties arising for high Reynolds number simulations. The foremost advantage of the technique lies in its fast calculations of the convolution sums portraying the convective terms of the governing equations. Third-order spatial discretizations and fourth-order time marching are implemented. New schemes are proposed for the boundary conditions at the solid wall and at large distances. The techniques are tested on a case study with other schemes (summarized by Roache1) in order to obtain an optimal choice. Definite indications on the stability and accuracy of boundary condition schemes are achieved. Support for the statement of dominant importance of boundary conditions is also given. A comparison of computational results with experimental data is presented for the case study of the flow past an impulsively started cylinder at Reynolds number 20. The time development of the symmetrical zone of recirculation, which is formed at an early stage of the flow, has been studied for 300 ≤ Re ≤ 9500 by means of the proposed algorithm. Computational results, comparisons with experimental data2 and discussion of upper limits of validity of the procedure will be presented in a companion paper. 相似文献