On the occurrence and role of SnO2, SnS and FeSn2 in coal hydroliquefaction experiments using tin-based catalysts

Mössbauer Spectroscopy, X-Ray Diffraction and Electron Microscopy were applied to the study of solid residues of coal hydroliquefaction, for which tin-based catalysts were used. In the general case hydroliquefaction runs were performed in the presence of added sulphur and of finely dispersed SnO₂ as a catalyst precursor. The only observed tin species were SnO₂ and SnS, the former with percentages higher than expected from XRD, due to its large f factor, the latter as a symmetric doublet, which suggests that any asymmetry should be ascribed to small particle sizes rather than to structure. When the S content was only that of coal and the catalyst precursor β-Sn, FeSn₂ occurred together with Sn sulfides and oxides, while no β-Sn was detected. The main catalytic role is ascribed to SnS.     

Forward-backward multiplicity correlations in σ+ p,K + p andpp collisions at 250 GeV/c

Forward-backward multiplicity correlations in σ⁺,K ⁺ p andpp collisions at 250 GeV/c ( \(\sqrt s \) =22 GeV) are given for all charges and for the different charge combinations. The correlations are found to be caused predominantly by centrally produced particles. It is demonstrated that this result is an agreement with observations at the ISR and the CERNp \(\bar p\) -Collider. The results are compared to expectations from LUND, DPM and FRITIOF Monte Carlo models and a geometrical picture relating correlations in hadron-hadron collisions toe ⁺ e ^? data in terms of impact parameters is tested.     

Calculation of exclusive processes with baryons

Using the nucleon andΔ ₃₃-resonance wave functions found out in previous papers [14, 15] we calculate the electromagnetic and weak nucleon formfactors, the transition formfactorγ \(\bar N\) Δ and the decay widths of charmonium levels³ S ₁,³ P ₂ and³ P ₁ into \(\bar N\) N and \(\bar \Delta \) Δ.     

Dynamically generated parton distributions for high energy collisions

The parton distributions of the nucleon are evaluated dynamically using the assumption that at some low resolution scale the nucleon consists entirely of valence quarks. A simple parametrization of the resulting gluon distribution is presented, forx? 10^?5 up toQ ²?10⁶ GeV². This gluon distribution is predicted dicted to be much steeper and larger in the very smallx region (x<10^?2) than usually assumed. Applications to deep inelastic scaling violations and heavy quark (c, b, t) contribution are discussed and presented as well as hadronic heavy quark production at SSC/LHC energies. For example, the \(b\bar b\) production rate at 40 TeV is predicted to be about an order of magnitude larger than that estimated with other gluon distributions so far.     

Observation and analysis ofE mesons in\bar p p annihilation at rest in H2 gas

Antiproton-proton annihilation at rest in a gaseous H₂ target at NTP into the final state π⁺ π^? K ^± π^? (K ⁰) with an undetectedK ⁰ or \(\bar K^0 \) has been investigated. We observe theE(1420) resonance in the invariant mass spectrum (K ⁰)_miss K ^± π^? with massM _E =1413±8 MeV/c² and widthГ ^E =62 ± 16MeV/c² and find evidence for the production of thef ₁(1285). The absolute branching ratio of \(\bar p\) p → π⁺ π^? E ⁰,E ⁰ →K ₀ ^L K ^± π ^? at (61±6)%P wave annihilation is (3.0±0.9)·10^?4 of all annihilations. The observed suppression of theE production fromP wave with respect to theS wave together with some simple selection rules suggest that the quantum numbers of theE(1420) areJ ^pc=0^?+ and not I⁺⁺.     

Backward particle production in neutrino neon interactions

Backward proton and pion production is studied in ν and \(\bar v\) charged current interactions in neon. The results are compared with other experiments and theory. The complete backward proton data is compatible with protons produced by reinteractions in the nucleus. However in events with only one proton, muon variables appear correlated to those for the backward proton, as expected by the two-nucleon correlation model.     

Some aspects of deformation in Al-Zn alloys

Creep resistance investigations of the Al-40 wt % Zn alloy at room temperature have been performed and revealed some creep compliance. Additions of Cu and Si decrease considerably the preliminary creep compliance in the alloy which then turn to be dimensionally stable and resistant to creep. Tensile test investigations performed at different deformation rates have not revealed the existance of the superplastic deformation mechanism.Presented at the 4^th International Symposium on Plasticity of Metals and Alloys, September 711, 1987, Srni, Czechoslovakia.     

Surface properties of finite classical Coulomb systems: Debye-Hückel approximation and computer simulations

We report analytical and numerical studies of surface correlations in finite, homogeneously polarizable, classical Coulomb systems placed in an insulating or conducting environment. Their purpose is to understand the phenomenological, shape-dependent laws of electrostatics, from the point of view of statistical mechanics; we focus on the knowledge of the dielectric susceptibility of the system, a quantity proportional to the equilibrium fluctuation of the system's instantaneous polarization per unit volume. This goal has been achieved for a system in a conducting state. The picture is that the shape-dependent part of the susceptibilities results from the action of unbounded observables (the second moments of the instantaneous polarization of the system) on long-range surface correlations and that the relations of electrostatics are verified by means of shape-dependent thermodynamic limits. This picture is supported (i) by exact solutions and asymptotic analysis of the Debye-Hückel approximation of multicomponent plasmas in disks and spheres with insulating and conducting environment and also in ellipses in a vacuum, and (ii) by computer simulations of a one-component plasma in a disk with different environments, notably a conducting environment with permeable and impermeable wall. These observations have revealed for the first time the reason why the susceptibility of a conducting disk in a conductor with impermeable walls diverges linearly with the radius of the disk: this is due to the occurrence of long-range radial correlations in the conductor. These findings are quantitatively interpreted in terms of a novel canonical Debye-Huckel approximation as contrasted to the ordinary grand canonical version. Lastly a fresh look at the problem of the surface correlations of a conductor in a vacuum, which places the observer close to the surface of the conductor but in the vacuum, is presented and applied to the disk, the ellipse, the cylinder, the sphere, and the wedge.     

Density and uniqueness in percolation

Two results on site percolation on thed-dimensional lattice,d1 arbitrary, are presented. In the first theorem, we show that for stationary underlying probability measures, each infinite cluster has a well-defined density with probability one. The second theorem states that if in addition, the probability measure satisfies the finite energy condition of Newman and Schulman, then there can be at most one infinite cluster with probability one. The simple arguments extend to a broad class of finite-dimensional models, including bond percolation and regular lattices.