沸水阻断多聚磷酸盐分解离子色谱法检测水产品中的多聚磷酸盐

多聚磷酸盐在水产品中的快速分解影响其准确测定.用沸水破坏使多聚磷酸盐分解的物质,并用三氯甲烷去除水产品中蛋白质等杂质,离子色谱准确测定多聚磷酸盐各组分的量.实验中采用淋洗液自动发生器产生的KOH溶液作为流动相,保护柱和分离柱采用Ionpac AG11-HC和Ionpac AS11-HC抑制电导检测,可以较好地分离所检测焦磷酸根和三偏磷酸根.该方法操作简单,检出限为10 mg/kg,当水产品中添加多聚磷酸盐标准物质浓度达到10～1000 mg/kg范围时,回收率在70%～110%之间,相对标准偏差小于12% .     

羟自由基对支撑磷脂双层膜的破坏及水溶性抗氧化剂保护作用的电化学研究

以支撑磷脂双层膜(supported bilayer lipid membrane, s-BLM)作为生物膜模型, 利用Fenton体系产生羟自由基(hydroxyl free radical, •OH), 采用循环伏安法研究了s-BLM与•OH之间的相互作用. 结果表明: •OH通过与磷脂发生化学反应, 诱发s-BLM上形成孔洞或缺陷, 这种作用对时间、FeSO₄和H₂O₂的浓度具有依赖性, 且不可恢复. 具有还原性基团的抗氧化剂维生素C, 还原型谷胱甘肽和L-半胱氨酸, 通过与•OH发生氧化还原反应, 可抑制•OH与s-BLM的相互作用, 降低•OH对s-BLM结构的破坏程度.     

铁对藻类生长的影响及其光谱识别研究展望

铁(Fe)是藻类生长所必需的微量营养元素,在藻类对氮的吸收、固氮菌对氮的固定、叶绿素合成、卟啉生物合成、光合作用电子传输等生物过程中发挥着非常重要的作用。因此在水体富营养化治理过程中,除了要注意控制氮、磷的输入,还应考虑Fe的调控作用。遥感技术是监测水体富营养化的有效措施,应用遥感技术可以实时、大面积监测水体中藻类的生长分布情况。水体中Fe浓度的波动会使藻类细胞的代谢活动发生变化,进而反映在藻类反射光谱上,而地物特征与其光谱特征的关系是解译遥感影像的关键;研究Fe的藻类光谱效应,对于阐明湖泊中水华爆发与Fe的关系、分析水华爆发的动态过程以及建立湖泊富营养化遥感预警体系都具有重要的意义。文章基于“Fe假说”,综述了Fe对藻类生长的重要作用及藻类光谱研究进展,并对Fe的藻类光谱效应在水体富营养化遥感预警机制研究领域的应用进行了展望。     

听觉外周计算模型研究进展

在简单介绍听觉外周特性之后,对近30年听觉外周计算模型的研究及其在语音识别领域的应用进行了评述,针对未来语音信号处理领域中听觉外周的建模,提出了一些设想;讨论了在被动声呐目标识别任务中应用听觉模型的可能性,同时,结合声呐目标识别的特点,对听觉外周模型的适用性建模研究,提出了若干建议。     

Recent Progress in Mass Spectrometry-based Metabolomics for Colorectal Cancer

Metabolomics, one of the latest omics technologies, is employed to reveal overall metabolic trajectories, identify disease causative mechanisms and provide information for preventive diagnosis and drug targeting. Cancer is a disease known to alter cellular metabolism and so metabolomics can play an important role in the early diagnosis of cancer and in the evaluation of medical interventions and treatments for cancer. Many metabolomics studies rely on high-sensitive and high-throughput mass spectrometry platforms. In recent years, various mass spectrometry(MS) methodologies have been developed and enriched the scope of metabolite detection, contributing to disease studies, such as diabetes, cancer, and depression. Colorectal cancer is the third most diagnosed cancer worldwide and its incidence ranked third in China. This review focuses on the mass spectrometry technologies in metabolomics and summarizes the progress of metabolomics research in colorectal cancer.     

碳量子点/纳米金@碳纳米管修饰电极同时检测鸟嘌呤和腺嘌呤

制备了一种碳量子点(CQDs)/金纳米颗粒(AuNPs)@羟基化多壁碳纳米管(MWCNT-OHs)复合膜修饰电极用于鸟嘌呤(GA)和腺嘌呤(AE)的同时检测.与裸电极和其它修饰电极相比,复合膜修饰电极能显著提高GA和AE的氧化峰电流及峰电位差,能够对GA和AE同时高灵敏检测.研究了GA和AE在复合膜修饰电极上的电化学行为,结果表明,在0.2 mol/L PBS(pH 7.0)中,GA和AE的氧化峰电流与浓度分别在1～200 μmol/L和2～80μmol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,检测限分别为0.9和1.8 μmol/L.将该修饰电极用于人体血清样品中GA和AE的同时电化学检测,加标回收率在90.4％～107.4％之间,证明了该修饰电极在生物样品分析领域的应用潜力.     

马面鲀鱼皮复制及润湿性研究

以具有防污功能的马面鲀皮为生物复制模板,采用铸膜方法对其微观形貌进行了大面积复制,并对复制表面的润湿性进行了分析研究。研究结果表明,复制的PDMS样品表面产生了与生物样品一致性较好的绒毛结构。该结构大大增加了表面的疏水性,将使海洋生物附着的难度大幅度增大,从而改善表面的污损释放性能。     

货币供应量序列结构变化的内生断点检定

对2000年1月至2012年5月流通中的货币、狭义货币、广义货币进行结构变化的内生断点检验。综合结构变化单、双断点检验的结果,发现两种实证检验的结果是基本一致的。内生断点频繁地发生于2009年第一季度,金融危机爆发后扩张型货币政策使得货币供应量出现向上的截距漂移。其他断点发生在2004年6月、2007午2月和2010年2月等,这些断点也与特定的货币政策下的重大离散事件相对应,重大离散事件对货币供应量产生持续影响。     

Geometric and Electronic Behavior of C60 on PTCDA Hydrogen Bonded Network

Self-assembled supramolecular networks are promising spacer layer for electronic decoupling from the metal substrate.However,the mechanism behind of how the intrinsic electronic structure of spacer layers affects the adsorbate is still unclear.Here a hydrogen bonded network composed of n-type semiconducting molecules 3,4,9,10-perylene-tetracarboxylic-dianhydride(PTCDA)is prepared under ultra-high vacuum to serve as a spacer layer for functional organics C60 on Au(111).The geometric and electronic information of C60 was investigated by scanning tunneling microscopy and scanning tunneling spectroscopy(STM/STS)at 5 K.Effective decoupling from the metal surface yields an energy gap of 3.67 eV for C602nd,merely considering the HOMO-LUMO peak separation.The broadening of resonance peaks in STS measurements however indicates unneglected interlayer interactions in this hetero-organic system.Moreover,we scrutinize the nucleation sites of C60 on PTCDA layer and attribute this to the decreased diffusion capability on a less dense molecular arrangement possessing inhomogeneous spatial distribution of unoccupied molecular orbitals.     

Two-dimensional Molecular Phase Transition of Alkylated-TDPB on Au(111) and Cu(111) Surfaces

The derivatives of aromatic cores bearing alkyl chains with different lengths are of potential interest in on-surface chemistry, and thus have been widely investigated both at liquid-solid interfaces and in vacuum. Here, we report on the structural evaluation of self-assembled 1,3,5-tri(4-dodecylphenyl)benzene(TDPB) molecules with increased molecular coverages on both Au(111) and Cu(111) surfaces. As observed on Au(111), rhombic and herringbone structures emerge successively depending on surface coverage. In the case of Cu(111), the same process of phase conversion is also observed, but with two distinct structures. In comparison, the self-assembled structures on Au(111) surface are packed more densely than that on Cu(111) surface under the same preparation conditions. This may fundamentally result from the higher adsorption energy of TDPB molecules on Cu(111), restricting their adjustment to optimize a thermodynamically favorable molecular packing.