Guided transmission of oxygen ions through Al2O3 nanocapillaries

The transmissions of oxygen ions through Al2O3 nanocapillaries each 50 nm in diameter and 10 μm in length at a series of different tilt angles are measured,where the ions with energies ranging from 10 to 60 keV and charge states from 1 up to 6 are involved.The angular distribution and the transmission yields of transported ions are investigated.Our results indicate both the existence of a guiding effect when ions pass through the capillary and a significant dependence of the ion transmission on the energy and the charge state of the ions.The guiding effects are observed to be enhanced at lower projectile energies and higher charge states.Meanwhile,the results also exhibit that the transmission yields increase as the tilt angle decreases at a given energy and charge state.     

Phase transition,dielectric and piezoelectric properties of NaNbO3–Bi0.5Li0.5TiO3 lead-free ceramics

Lead-free ceramics (1?x)NaNbO₃–xBi_0.5Li_0.5TiO₃ have been fabricated by an ordinary sintering technique, and their electric properties and temperature characteristics have been studied. All the ceramics possess a perovskite structure with orthorhombic symmetry, indicating that (Bi_0.5Li_0.5)TiO₃ diffuses into NaNbO₃ lattices to form a new solid solution. A low (Bi_0.5Li_0.5)TiO₃ doping level transforms the NaNbO₃ ceramics from antiferroelectric to ferroelectric. The ceramics with x ≤ 0.075 are normal ferroelectric, and the ferroelectric-paraelectric phase become diffusives with the doping level of Bi_0.5Li_0.5TiO₃ increasing. As x increases, the Curie temperature of the ceramics decreases linearly, while the relative permittivity ε_r increases. 0.925NaNbO₃–0.075(Bi_0.5Li_0.5)TiO₃ ceramic exhibits the relatively large piezoelectric constant (d₃₃ = 58 pC/N), high Curie temperature (T_C = 228 °C) and good temperature stability, suggesting that the ceramics are one of new possible candidates for lead-free piezoelectric materials.     

Simulation and fabrication of carbon nanotubes field emission pressure sensors

A novel field emission pressure sensor has been achieved utilizing carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as the electron source. The sensor consists of the anode sensing film fabricated by wet etching process and multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) cathode in the micro-vacuum chamber. MWNTs on the silicon substrate were grown by thermal CVD. The prototype pressure sensor has a measured sensitivity of about 0.17-0.77 nA/Pa (101-550 KPa). The work shows the potential use of CNTs-based field-emitter in microsensors, such as accelerometers and tactile sensors.     

Investigation on hexamethyldisilazane vapor treatment of plasma-damaged nanoporous organosilicate films

Hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) vapor treatment of plasma-damaged nanoporous organosilicate thin films has been studied as a function of treatment temperature in this work. Although, the HMDS vapor treatment facilitated incorporation of methyl (CH₃) groups subsequent to the removal of free hydroxyl (OH) groups in the damaged films at treatment temperature as low as 55 °C, the bonded OH groups were not removed. More significantly, detailed analysis of the results reveals that HMDS vapor modified only the surface of the plasma-damaged samples and not the entire film as expected. This is attributed to the formation of a thin solid layer on the surface, which effectively prevents penetration of HMDS vapors into the bulk. The Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) absorption and dielectric constant measurements confirm that the vapor treatment assists only partial curing of the plasma-damaged films. Alternative processes of curing the films with HMDS dissolved in supercritical carbon dioxide (SCCO₂) as a medium of reaction in static and pulsed modes were also attempted and the results are presented in this paper.     

Molecular dynamics simulation of processing using AFM pin tool

A three-dimensional molecular dynamics (MD) model is utilized to investigate the effect of tool geometry on the deformation process of the workpiece and the nature of deformation process at the atomic-scale. Results show that different states exist between the atomic force microscope (AFM) pin tool and the workpiece surface, i.e. the non-wear state, the ploughing state, the state in which ploughing is dominant and the state in which cutting plays a key role. A relationship between the deformation process of the workpiece and the potential energy variation is presented. The potential energy variation of atoms in different deformed regions in the workpiece such as plastically deformed region, elastically deformed region and the mixed deformation region is different. The features of variations of potential energy are discussed.     

Surface free energy of CrNx films deposited using closed field unbalanced magnetron sputtering

CrN_x thin films have attracted much attention for semiconductor IC packaging molding dies and forming tools due to their excellent hardness, thermal stability and non-sticking properties (low surface free energy). However, few data has been published on the surface free energy (SFE) of CrN_x films at temperatures in the range 20-170 °C. In this study CrN_x thin films with CrN, Cr(N), Cr₂N (and mixture of these phases) were prepared using closed field unbalanced magnetron sputtering at a wide range of Cr⁺² emission intensity. The contact angles of water, di-iodomethane and ethylene glycol on the coated surfaces were measured at temperatures in the range 20-170 °C using a Dataphysics OCA-20 contact angle analyzer. The surface free energy of the CrN_x films and their components (e.g., dispersion, polar) were calculated using the Owens-Wendt geometric mean approach. The influences of CrN_x film surface roughness and microstructure on the surface free energy were investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. The experimental results showed that the lowest total SFE was obtained corresponding to CrN at temperature in 20 °C. This is lower than that of Cr(N), Cr₂N (and mixture of these phases). The total SFE, dispersive SFE and polar SFE of CrN_x films decreased with increasing surface temperature. The film roughness has an obvious effect on the SFE and there is tendency for the SFE to increase with increasing film surface roughness.     

Preparing polymer brushes on polytetrafluoroethylene films by free radical polymerization

Films of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) were exposed to sodium naphthalenide (Na/naphtha) etchant so as to defluorinate the surface for obtaining hydroxyl functionality. Surface-initiators were immobilized on the PTFE films by esterification of 4,4′-azobis(4-cyanopentanoic acid) (ACP) and the hydroxyl groups covalently linked to the surface. Grafting of polymer brushes on the PTFE films was carried out by the surface-initiated free radical polymerization. Homopolymers brushes of methyl methacrylate (MMA) were prepared by free radical polymerization from the azo-functionalized PTFE surface. The chemical composition and topography of the graft-functionalized PTFE surfaces were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), attenuated total reflectance (ATR) FT-IR spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Water contact angles on PTFE films were reduced by surface grafting of MMA.     

聚集态和陷阱对交联聚乙烯真空沿面闪络特性的影响

研究了半结晶聚合物交联聚乙烯的聚集态和陷阱等对真空沿面闪络特性的影响.交联聚乙烯(XLPE)在135℃下恒温10min后,分别经过-56℃,-25℃淬火处理,自然降温,或1℃/min,0.5℃/min慢速降温等热处理过程,测量了热处理后试样的电气性能、显微结构、陷阱分布和真空中的沿面闪络特性.实验结果表明,与未热处理试样相比,热处理试样的直流闪络电压最高提高了76%,脉冲闪络电压最高提高了19%.认为热处理改变了XLPE试样的聚集态和陷阱,从而提高了XLPE试样的真空沿面闪络性能,提出了可以通过控制半结晶聚合物的聚集态和缺陷结构提高其真空沿面闪络性能.     

B-N共掺杂改善p型ZnO的理论分析

采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理赝势法对B缺陷在ZnO中的存在形式进行了理论分析,对B-N共掺杂ZnO体系的晶格结构、杂质形成能、杂质态密度及电子结构进行了系统的研究.研究表明,B缺陷在掺杂体系中主要以BZn的形式存在,这种结构会引起相应的晶格收缩;研究发现与以往的N掺杂相比,共掺结构具有更低的杂质形成能和更高的化学稳定性,因此更加适合掺杂.此外,共掺能够形成更低的受主能级,因而减小了受主的杂质电离能,提高了受主态密度;研究显示共掺结构下的杂质N原子与体相Zn原子之间的键合能力提高,受主原子得电子的能力增强,因此B-N共掺有望成为一种更为有效的p型掺杂手段.     

Holographic property of photopolymers with different amine photoinitiators

Holographic parameters and photobleaching kinetics of the photopolymers with five different amine photoinitiators are studied. The maximum values of diffraction efficiency, photobleaching coefficient and quantum yield follow the sequence: Triethanolamine (TEA)> Diethanolamine (DEA)> Ethanolamine (EA)> Triethylamine (TETN)> Diethylamine (DETN). The holographic capabilities of photopolymer performances are determined by the number of functional groups in the amine molecular structure. There is an optimum proportion of the photoinitiator, the photosensitizer and the monomer in the test of holographic parameters with different amine concentrations. The maximum diffraction efficiency is 59.26\%, sensitivity is 1.72\times 10^{ - 3}~cm^{2}/mJ, and the maximum refractive modulation index is 4.64\times 10^{ - 4}.