Recent Advances in DNA-Based Cell Surface Engineering for Biological Applications

Due to its excellent programmability and biocompatibility, DNA molecule has unique advantages in cell surface engineering. Recent progresses provide a reliable and feasible way to engineer cell surfaces with diverse DNA molecules and DNA nanostructures. The abundant form of DNA nanostructures has greatly expanded the toolbox of DNA-based cell surface engineering and gave rise to a variety of novel and fascinating applications. In this review, we summarize recent advances in DNA-based cell surface engineering and its biological applications. We first introduce some widely used methods of immobilizing DNA molecules on cell surfaces and their application features. Then we discuss the approaches of employing DNA nanostructures and dynamic DNA nanotechnology as elements for creating functional cell surfaces. Finally, we review the extensive biological applications of DNA-based cell surface engineering and discuss the challenges and prospects of DNA-based cell surface engineering.     

针状纳米NixZn1-xFe2O4的制备及磁性能

以FeCl₂, Zn(NO₃)₂, Ni(NO₃)₂为原料, 利用化学沉淀法制得了针状纳米α-FeOOH, 并借助针状α-FeOOH做为中间体, 采用柠檬酸法在针状纳米α-FeOOH表面包裹镍和锌的柠檬酸络合物后, 于不同温度煅烧后制得了针状纳米Ni_xZn_1－xFe₂O₄. 利用红外光谱仪(IR)、X射线衍射技术(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)对样品的物相﹑晶格常数、形貌和粒径进行表征, 并利用振动样品磁强计(VSM)对样品进行磁性能研究. 结果表明: 利用化学沉淀-柠檬酸法制得的Ni-Zn铁氧体样品保持了中间体α-FeOOH的针状形貌, 所得样品的直径在40 nm左右, 长度约600 nm, 长径比大于15. 随着煅烧温度的升高样品直径有所增加, 长径比下降, 随着x值的增加, Ni_xZn_1－xFe₂O₄样品的晶格常数a从0.8442 (x＝0)逐步减少到0.8353 (x＝1.00), 矫顽力(Hc)从63.5 Oe (x＝0)逐步增加到358.7 Oe (x＝1), 饱和磁化强度(M_s)先增加后减小, 当x＝0.6时达到最大为58.9 emu/g. 与相似条件时制备的不定型Ni_xZn_1－xFe₂O₄相比, 由于针状Ni_xZn_1－xFe₂O₄的各向异性增大, 而表现出明显的硬磁性.     

Characterization of racemization of chiral pesticides in organic solvents and water

Eight chiral pesticides, which were selected to cover different pesticide species and origins of chirality, were investigated to explore their chiral stability in organic solvents and water. Profenophos, fenamiphos, quizalofop-ethyl, dichlorprop-methyl (DCPP-methyl) and acetochlor were showed stable under all test conditions. However, significant racemization was observed for malathion, phenthoate and fenpropathrin in methanol, ethanol and water, but not in n-hexane, isopropanol, acetone or methylene chloride. The kinetic parameters (rate constant k and half-life T_1/2) of the abiotic racemization were calculated through a mathematical model of the first-order reaction. Furthermore, the extent of racemization varied among the solvents and was also affected by temperature dependence. The racemization of malathion, phenthoate and fenpropathrin in water was documented to be pH-dependent and took place more rapidly at pH 7.0 than at pH 5.8. The observed racemization was deduced to occur via a proton exchange process at the chiral center, and the relationship between the abiotic racemization and pesticide structure was further explored. Findings from this study are useful for better understanding enantioselectivity of chiral pesticides in environment and also for proper analysis, formulating or handling of enantiopure products.     

新疆紫草外植体组织培养和植株再生

新疆紫草[Arnebia euchroma (Rovle) Johnston]嫩芽和幼叶切段在含有不同激素组合的琼脂培养基上产生了愈伤组织,其中在MSB+0.4mg/L NAA+0.2mg/L 2.4—D+1.0mg/L KT中愈伤组织诱导率较高,达82.2％.这些愈伤组织经过继代,生长很快。转入分化培养基后,愈伤组织表面产生了很多不定芽和少量胚状体。不定芽经扶壮,诱导生根,生长成完整植株并移栽成活。     

On Kropina metrics of scalar flag curvature

We classify Kropina metrics of weakly isotropic flag curvature in dimension greater than two. Moreover, we prove that every Einstein Kropina metric in dimension greater than two is a Ricci constant metric with vanishing S-curvature in different way from Zhang and Shen (2013) [14] and prove the three-dimensional rigidity theorem for an Einstein Kropina metric.