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741.
Wenbo Wu Siyi Xu Jialin Wang Kuiming Zhang Mingkun Zhang Yang Cao Hongqing Ren Deyou Zheng Chunlong Zhong 《BMC neuroscience》2018,19(1):75
Background
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a complex condition and remains a prominent public and medical health issue in individuals of all ages. A rapid increase in extracellular glutamate occurs after TBI, leading to glutamate-induced excitotoxicity, which causes neuronal damage and further functional impairments. Although inhibition of glutamate carboxypeptidase II (GCP II) is considered a potential approach for reducing glutamate-induced excitotoxicity after TBI, further detailed evidence regarding its efficacy is required. Therefore, in this study, we examined the differences in the metabolite status between wild-type (WT) and GCP II gene-knockout (KO) mice after TBI using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) and T2-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) imaging with a 7-tesla imaging system, and brain water-content analysis.Results
Evaluation of glutamate and N-acetylaspartate concentrations revealed a decrease in both levels in the ipsilateral hippocampus at 24 h post-TBI; however, the reduction in glutamate and N-acetylaspartate levels was less marked in GCP II-KO mice than in WT mice (p?<?0.05). T2 MR data and brain water-content analysis demonstrated that the extent of cortical edema and brain swelling was less in KO than in WT mice after TBI (p?<?0.05).Conclusion
Using two non-invasive methods, 1H-MRS and T2 MR imaging, as well as in vitro brain-water content measurements, we demonstrated that the mechanism underlying the neuroprotective effects of GCP II-KO against brain swelling in TBI involves changes in glutamate and N-acetylaspartate levels. This knowledge may contribute towards the development of therapeutic strategies for TBI.742.
深海光学成像系统分为4个子系统:照明系统、相机系统、图像处理系统以及数据存储与传输系统,本文对深海光学成像系统化研究与发展趋势展开分析。文中有针对性地对深海光学成像最前端的两个子系统-照明系统与相机系统进行了较为详细地阐述。其中,深海照明系统进一步细分为3个更小的系统:光源系统、配光系统以及灯阵系统;对于深海相机系统则根据其应用领域及技术特点细分为水下普通成像、激光成像、偏振光成像、3D/全景成像、显微成像以及光谱成像6类。从近年来国内外深海光学成像的发展历史及现状来看,其未来的发展趋势可以归结为以下几点:更高的分辨率,更深的工作深度,更大的观测范围以及更多样的成像方式。 相似文献
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实际量子密钥分发系统使用的单光子源主要是由弱激光脉冲经衰减得到。它不是理想单光子源而是服从泊松分布的准单光子源。每个非空光脉冲中包含多光子的概率不为零,强大的窃听者可利用此获得一些关于最终密钥的信息。因此,有必要研究实际QKD系统的安全性。采用对多光子进行分束窃听、单光子最佳攻击相结合的方案,用Shannon信息理论分析了基于弱相干光的实际QKD系统的安全性。研究结果表明实际QKD系统对于分束窃听和最佳攻击是安全的,并给出合法通信双方在该攻击方案下所容忍的误码率上限。 相似文献
746.
设计了用于PKU-FEL注入器的腔式位置诊断装置。该BPM腔采用的偶极模TM110模的频率与PKU-FEL主加速器的基模频率一致,都是1.3 GHz;通过在圆形腔上镶入两个完全一致的矩形腔解决了腔式BPM的Cross-Talk问题。 根据PKU-FEL的设计要求,所设计的BPM腔的最小位置响应约10 mm,动态范围大于30 mm,时间响应小于束团间距。还估算了该BPM腔引起的束团功率损耗。结果表明,BPM腔引起的束团功率损耗是可以忽略的。 相似文献
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748.
WANG Biao LIANG Xi-shuang LIU Feng-min ZHONG Tie-gang ZHAO Chun LU Ge-yu QUAN Bao-fu State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics College of Electronic Science Engineering Jilin University Changchun P.R.China 《高等学校化学研究》2009,25(1)
Na superionic conductor(NASICON) nanoparticles were synthesized by a modified sol-gel method and sintered at a temperature range of 800―1000 ℃.The performance of the samples was characterized by the analysis methods of X-ray diffraction(XRD),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),and transmission electron microscopy(TEM) as well as conductivity measurement.Compared with those sintered at other temperatures,the NASICON material sintered at 900 ℃ had the best crystalline structure and higher conductivi... 相似文献
749.
Jianlei Lu Xionglin Zhou Jialin Sun Mengdi Xu Mingming Zhang Chuanzhuang Zhao 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2021,59(15):1701-1710
Poly(methylacrylamide) (PMAM) is a thermo-responsive polymer with an upper critical solution temperature (UCST). Its cloud point (Tcp) is around 60 °C, unsuitable for certain biomedical and industrial applications. This study brought up a copolymerization strategy to tune the Tcp of PMAM with hydrophilic comonomers. Surprisingly, with a small portion of hydrophilic monomer doped, the Tcp of the PMAM copolymer can be significantly shifted. For instances, with ≤7 mol% of acrylamide or 1 mol% of oligo(ethylene glycol) methacrylate, the Tcp can be shifted in a wide range from ~69 to ~0 °C. Microdifferential scanning calorimetry demonstrated that the enthalpic effect during the phase transition of the solutions is indistinctive, while fluorescence measurement with pyrene as a probe revealed that the hydrogen-bonding within polymer chains is enhanced by the hydrophobic aggregation of methyl groups. Therefore, the doped hydrophilic monomer could remarkably alter the ordering of water-molecules and the extent for the aggregation of methyl groups, leading to the pronounced shifting in the Tcp of the copolymers. This work would facilitate the application of PMAM as smart polymer materials and guide the inventions of functional materials based on UCST polymers. 相似文献
750.
The construction of chiral quaternary carbon stereocenters has been a long-standing challenge in organic chemistry. Particularly, α-quaternary amino acids that are of high importance in biochemistry still lack a straightforward synthetic method. We here reported a hydroformylation approach to access chiral quaternary stereogenic centers, which has been a long-standing challenge in transition metal catalysis. α,β-Unsaturated carboxylic acid derivatives undergo hydroformylation with a rhodium catalyst to generate an α-quaternary stereocenter under mild conditions. By using this method, a variety of chiral α-quaternary amino acids could be synthesized with satisfactory enantioselectivity. In-depth investigation revealed that the regioselectivity is dramatically influenced by the electronic properties of the substituents attached to the target C C bond. By applying NMR and DFT analyses, the chiral environment of a rhodium/Yanphos complex was depicted, based on which a substrate-catalyst interaction model was proposed.A rhodium-catalyzed asymmetric hydroformylation reaction was reported to construct chiral α-quaternary amino acid derivatives. High chemo-, regio- and enantioselectivity were realized in one step. 相似文献