Thermodynamic characteristics of ion-exchange sorption of Co2+ cations on Na-vermiculite

The exchange of Na⁺ ions of vermiculite for Co²⁺ cations is measured by sorption-analytical and microcalorimetric methods. The previously revealed growth of the equilibrium constant with a rise in the degree of filling θ of vermiculite exchange sites with Co²⁺ cations is confirmed. This result is explained by the segregation of Co²⁺ and Na⁺ cations being exchanged in separate interlayer regions of vermiculite. The negative heats of exchange of Na⁺ cations for Co²⁺ cations are associated with the energy consumption for the rearrangement of the segregated interlayer regions in vermiculite. The positive entropy changes resulting from the exchange indicate the formation of a more disordered Co-Na-layered “cake” in comparison with the initial Na-form vermiculite. A decrease in the integral molal free-energy change ΔG _m of the mixed form of the mineral is determined by the entropy factor. It is shown that, as θ increases, the ΔG _m(θ) dependence passes from a positive to a negative range of values. This pattern of the curve may be interpreted as a gradual phase transition from the Na-form to the mixed Co-Na-segregated form. The first derivatives of the enthalpy and entropy changes with respect to the degree of filling θ exhibit distinct maxima at θ ～ 0.20 as a result of the transition from the ideal mixing of Co²⁺ and Na⁺ cations being exchanged to their segregation.     

Role of Conformational Changes of Hexameric Bacterial Uridine Phosphorylases in Substrate Binding

Crystallography Reports - Crystals of mutants of uridine phosphorylase from Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 at the active-site threonine residue were obtained, and the three-dimensional structures of...     

One physical problem with possible mathematical significance

We analyze three-dimensional gauge theory with Chern-Simons action, which arises in the context of high T_c superconductivity. We show that the main effect in this theory is the change of spin and statistics of charged particles. Also, the amplitudes of particle propagation acquire phases dependent on the topology of the knot formed by their trajectories. In the end, we discuss possible generalizations of this theory, and their relations to strings.     

Infrared sensitivity of unstable vacua

We discover that some unstable vacua have long memory. By that we mean that even in the theories containing only massive particles, there are correllators and expectation values which grow with time. We examine the cases of instabilities caused by the constant electric fields, expanding and contracting universes and, most importantly, the global de Sitter space. In the last case the interaction leads to a remarkable UV/IR mixing and to a large back reaction. This gives reasons to believe that the cosmological constant problem could be resolved by the infrared physics.     

Interaction of Alkyl Radicals with Dihydric Phenol Derivatives in Hexane Solutions under γ-Radiolysis

The influence of structurally different dihydric phenols on the radical reactions of hexane in deaerated solutions under -irradiation was studied. It was found that 4-tert-butylpyrocatechol (I), 3,5-diisopropylpyrocatechol (II), 2,5-di-tert-butylhydroquinone (III), and 4,6-di-tert-butylresorcinol (IV) effectively inhibited the formation of hexyl radical combination products. Using the chromatography–mass spectrometry technique, it was shown that the adducts of alkyl radicals with I–III have the structure of a monoalkyl ether. Phenol IV gave a mixture of dimers with O- and C-alkylation products.     

Effects of anisotropic diffraction on quadratic multisoliton excitation in noncritically p hase-matched crystals

The generation of multiple quadratic spatial solitons aligned approximately along a crystal axis in a biaxial noncritically phase-matched crystal is shown theoretically and experimentally to be the consequence of anisotropic diffraction.     

Study of hyperfine interaction and electronic relaxation using coincidence Mössbauer spectroscopy

Coincidence Mössbauer spectroscopy (CMS) in the presence of a hyperfine field and electronic spin relaxation is discussed. The resulting expression for the transmission through a resonant absorber as a function of time is found with the help of the joint solution of the Maxwell equations and the density matrix equations. It is shown that the radiation that reaches the detector behind the absorber is modulated by the hyperfine field. The various polarization schemes for the CMS observation are analyzed. Numerical calculations were made for an⁵⁷ Fe nucleus.     

A problem concering characteristic functions of linear operators

The construction of a bounded operator in terms of its characteristic function is investigated.Translated from Matematicheskie Zametki, Vol. 9, No. 2, pp. 171–180, February, 1971.     

Analysis of the states of stress and strain of circular oriented-plastic plates

Retaining the fundamental assumption _z=0, the author investigates two-dimensional problems of the bending of cylindrically orthotropic circular plates in relation to the anisotropy parameter k=E/E_r and a generalized parameter depending both on the transverse shears and the dimensions of the plates h²/a²×E_r/G_rz. Equations are given for calculating certain quantities from the classical variant of the solutions. There are shown to be important differences in the solutions for boundary conditions of the clamped-edge type (when a horizontal or vertical element of the edge is fixed). The effect of the stress _z is estimated from the standpoint of the Ambartsumyan theory [2]. Two types of loading, a distributed load q=const and a concentrated load P applied at the center of the plate, are considered.Institute of Polymer Mechanics, Academy of Sciences of the Latvian SSR, Riga. Translated from Mekhanika Polimerov, No. 5, pp. 899–908, September–October, 1969.