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171.
微生物发酵作为一种新的制备多孔材料的方式, 将微生物发酵工程与发泡工程有机结合起来, 克服了传统制备方法需要特殊设备、 操作复杂、 后处理繁琐、 化学药品污染和成本昂贵等缺点, 受到了广泛关注.本文基于微生物发酵多孔材料的研究, 围绕多孔材料的定义和多孔水凝胶的分类及制备方式进行总结.针对微生物发酵诱导制备多孔材料的制备方法, 综合评述了该方法在染料吸附、 海水蒸发脱盐、 电磁屏蔽以及制备新型功能性生物材料等方面的应用.最后, 对微生物诱导制备多孔材料的未来发展进行了展望. 相似文献
172.
单原子催化剂是一类以相互孤立的单个金属原子作为催化活性中心的、 具有高原子经济性及高活性的负载型催化剂, 被广泛应用于能源电催化领域. 近年来, 通过使用两种或两种以上原子与活性中心金属原子配位, 构建具有异原子配位结构的单原子材料, 展现了优异的电催化性能. 研究发现, 这种不对称的配位结构有效调控了中心金属原子的电子结构, 优化了催化反应的吸附和脱附能量, 提高了电催化的性能. 本文综合评述了具有异原子配位结构碳基单原子电催化剂的合成策略、 表征技术与方法, 以及在前沿能源电催化应用中的催化剂性能与结构之间的构效关系, 并展望了异原子配位结构碳基单原子电催化剂的研究前景. 相似文献
173.
Fei Wang Zhaolong Chen Jiawei Yang Hao Li Jingyuan Shan Feng Zhang Baolu Guan Zhongfan Liu 《物理化学学报》2022,37(10):2001024-0
Graphene has become a research focus in recent years owing to its excellent characteristics, and glass is a commonly used material with high transparency and low cost. Graphene glass combines the excellent properties of both graphene and glass; graphene glass has not only high thermal conductivity, high electrical conductivity, and good surface hydrophobicity but also exhibits superior electrothermal conversion and wide-spectrum high-light-transmittance characteristics. Therefore, the study of graphene glass films is of theoretical value and practical significance. In this study, a high-purity glass-based (JGS1 quartz glass) multilayer graphene film was developed based on an atmospheric-pressure chemical vapor deposition (APCVD) method, and its electrical characteristics, light transmittance, and electrical heating characteristics were experimentally investigated in detail. The results show that graphene glass with different surface resistance values obtained through direct growth on a high-purity quartz glass substrate using the APCVD method, not only has excellent uniformity and quality, but also has considerably flat and high transmittance across the entire visible light region and exhibits excellent heating performance and fast response time. For graphene glass with a surface resistance of 1500 Ω·sq-1, the light transmittance can reach 74%, and the saturation temperature can rise to 185 ℃ by applying a bias voltage of 40 V. In addition, when the resistance value of the graphene glass is 420 Ω·sq-1, the graphene glass reaches a high saturation temperature of 325 ℃ in 40 s, and the corresponding heating rate can exceed 18 ℃·s-1, achieving a significantly higher heating rate than other heating films at the same voltage. Compared with the polyethylene-terephthalate- (PET-) based and silicon-based graphene films obtained by the transfer, graphene glass has a higher saturation temperature, shorter thermal response time, and faster heating rate. Furthermore, graphene glass exhibits better heating cycle stability and longer-term heating stability at a constant voltage. In addition, an experiment using the graphene glass to thermally tune the wavelength of a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser was conducted and gave good results. The position of the laser peak controlled by the graphene glass was red-shifted by 1.78 nm by applying a voltage of 20 V, and the wavelength tuning efficiency reached 0.059 nm·℃-1. Compared with PET-based and silicon-based graphene films, the actual electrical heating capacity of graphene glass increased by 195%. These experimental findings demonstrate that graphene glass transparent films with excellent electric heating characteristics can be used in various transparent electric heating fields and have relatively wide application prospects. 相似文献
174.
175.
LI Siying PAN Yangang TENG Honggang SHAN Yuping YANG Guocheng WANG Hongda 《高等学校化学研究》2022,38(3):838-842
The rabies virus is a neurotropic virus that causes fatal diseases in humans and animals. Although studying the interactions between a single rabies virus and the cell membrane is necessary for understanding the pathogenesis, the internalization dynamic mechanism of single rabies virus in living cells remains largely elusive. Here, we utilized a novel force tracing technique based on atomic force microscopy(AFM) to record the process of single viral entry into host cell. We revealed that the force of the rabies virus internalization distributed at (65±25) pN, and the time was identified by two peaks with spacings of (237.2±59.1) and (790.3±134.4) ms with the corresponding speed of 0.12 and 0.04 μm/s, respectively. Our results provide insight into the effects of viral shape during the endocytosis process. This report will be meaningful for understanding the dynamic mechanism of rabies virus early infection. 相似文献
176.
Electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide into value-added products is a promising way to recycle the greenhouse gas, thus solving the crisis of global warming. Pressing challenges remain in regulating the catalytic selectivity. In this work, we demonstrated a metal-organic frameworks-assisted approach to synthesizing In species loaded on the surface of N doped carbon matrix. By controlling the particle sizes, the catalytic selectivity can be easily altered. The obtained Inc/NC possesses the outstanding capability for converting CO2 into CO. And 80.09% Faraday efficiency (FE) of CO can be achieved at 0.8 V vs. RHE. While the In2O3/C exhibits different catalytic behaviors, the main product is formic acid and the FE is more than 50% at 0.8 V vs. RHE. The selectivity reversal can be attributed to the strong interactions between In clusters and N atoms of carbon supports, which efficiently inhibits the formation of the by-product, formic acid. Our research has paved a new way to modulate catalytic selectivity by manipulating the fine structures of the catalysts. 相似文献
177.
PAN Chuanqi LIU Xiaoxuan ZHANG Xiang MAO Feihong XU Peiyan ZHU Yuhua DENG Hongtao LUO Zhu SUN Hongwei ZHANG Lizhi GUO Yanbing 《高等学校化学研究》2021,37(6):1341-1347
Copper oxide(CuO),due to its low cost,good chemical and physical stability,has recently been given special attention as a potential candidate for antibacterial agents.However,developing novel CuO nanocomposites with improved antibacterial property and unraveling the interface promotion mechanism has been a fundamental challenge for decades.Herein,well-defined CuO/graphdiyne(CuO/GDY)nanostructures with uniformly anchored CuO nanoparticles(ca.4.5 nm)have been fabricated.The CuO/GDY nanostructure exhibited superior E.coli inactivation efficiency,which is nearly 19 times and 7.9 times higher than the bare GDY and commercial CuO,respectively.The improved E.coli inactivation performance was mainly due to the increased reactive O2-species generated by the activation of molecular O2 over CuO/GDY surface.These findings demonstrate the efficient antibacterial activity of well-defined CuO/GDY nanostructures and provide insights on the development of efficient GDY-based antibacterial materials. 相似文献
178.
179.
Qun Wang Qiang Xue Tao Chen Jiawei Li Yuehua Liu Xiaohan Shan Fei Liu Jianbo Jia 《中国化学快报》2021,32(2):609-619
The abuse of antibiotics will cause an increase of drug-resistant strains and environmental pollution,which in turn will affect human health.Therefore,it is important to develop effective detection techniques to determine the level of antibiotics contamination in various fields.Compared with traditional detection methods,electrochemical sensors have received extensive attention due to their advantages such as high sensitivity,low detection limit,and good selectivity.In this mini review,we summarized the latest developments and new trends in electrochemical sensors for antibiotics.Here,modification methods and materials of electrode are discussed.We also pay more attention to the practical applications of antibiotics electrochemical sensors in different fields.In addition,the existing problems and the future challenges ahead have been proposed.We hope that this review can provide new ideas for the development of electrochemical sensors for antibiotics in the future. 相似文献
180.