“海水提镁”项目式教学设计与实践*

依托广西北海市丰富的海洋资源,创设了“在北海能否建提镁厂”的驱动性总任务,师生合议将任务规划为3个大问题和6个子任务。学生采用信息收集、分类、比较、推理、实验、系统分析等认知策略,最终以ppt的形式进行成果汇报,通过组间评价、核心问题讨论、决策性问题辩论等方式逐步落实项目目标。     

石墨烯玻璃透明薄膜加热特性

Graphene has become a research focus in recent years owing to its excellent characteristics, and glass is a commonly used material with high transparency and low cost. Graphene glass combines the excellent properties of both graphene and glass; graphene glass has not only high thermal conductivity, high electrical conductivity, and good surface hydrophobicity but also exhibits superior electrothermal conversion and wide-spectrum high-light-transmittance characteristics. Therefore, the study of graphene glass films is of theoretical value and practical significance. In this study, a high-purity glass-based (JGS1 quartz glass) multilayer graphene film was developed based on an atmospheric-pressure chemical vapor deposition (APCVD) method, and its electrical characteristics, light transmittance, and electrical heating characteristics were experimentally investigated in detail. The results show that graphene glass with different surface resistance values obtained through direct growth on a high-purity quartz glass substrate using the APCVD method, not only has excellent uniformity and quality, but also has considerably flat and high transmittance across the entire visible light region and exhibits excellent heating performance and fast response time. For graphene glass with a surface resistance of 1500 Ω·sq^-1, the light transmittance can reach 74%, and the saturation temperature can rise to 185 ℃ by applying a bias voltage of 40 V. In addition, when the resistance value of the graphene glass is 420 Ω·sq^-1, the graphene glass reaches a high saturation temperature of 325 ℃ in 40 s, and the corresponding heating rate can exceed 18 ℃·s^-1, achieving a significantly higher heating rate than other heating films at the same voltage. Compared with the polyethylene-terephthalate- (PET-) based and silicon-based graphene films obtained by the transfer, graphene glass has a higher saturation temperature, shorter thermal response time, and faster heating rate. Furthermore, graphene glass exhibits better heating cycle stability and longer-term heating stability at a constant voltage. In addition, an experiment using the graphene glass to thermally tune the wavelength of a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser was conducted and gave good results. The position of the laser peak controlled by the graphene glass was red-shifted by 1.78 nm by applying a voltage of 20 V, and the wavelength tuning efficiency reached 0.059 nm·℃^-1. Compared with PET-based and silicon-based graphene films, the actual electrical heating capacity of graphene glass increased by 195%. These experimental findings demonstrate that graphene glass transparent films with excellent electric heating characteristics can be used in various transparent electric heating fields and have relatively wide application prospects.     

Revealing the Cell Entry Dynamic Mechanism of Single Rabies Virus Particle

The rabies virus is a neurotropic virus that causes fatal diseases in humans and animals. Although studying the interactions between a single rabies virus and the cell membrane is necessary for understanding the pathogenesis, the internalization dynamic mechanism of single rabies virus in living cells remains largely elusive. Here, we utilized a novel force tracing technique based on atomic force microscopy(AFM) to record the process of single viral entry into host cell. We revealed that the force of the rabies virus internalization distributed at (65±25) pN, and the time was identified by two peaks with spacings of (237.2±59.1) and (790.3±134.4) ms with the corresponding speed of 0.12 and 0.04 μm/s, respectively. Our results provide insight into the effects of viral shape during the endocytosis process. This report will be meaningful for understanding the dynamic mechanism of rabies virus early infection.     

Metal-Organic Frameworks-derived Indium Clusters/Carbon Nanocomposites for Efficient CO2 Electroreduction

Electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide into value-added products is a promising way to recycle the greenhouse gas, thus solving the crisis of global warming. Pressing challenges remain in regulating the catalytic selectivity. In this work, we demonstrated a metal-organic frameworks-assisted approach to synthesizing In species loaded on the surface of N doped carbon matrix. By controlling the particle sizes, the catalytic selectivity can be easily altered. The obtained In_c/NC possesses the outstanding capability for converting CO₂ into CO. And 80.09% Faraday efficiency (FE) of CO can be achieved at 0.8 V vs. RHE. While the In₂O₃/C exhibits different catalytic behaviors, the main product is formic acid and the FE is more than 50% at 0.8 V vs. RHE. The selectivity reversal can be attributed to the strong interactions between In clusters and N atoms of carbon supports, which efficiently inhibits the formation of the by-product, formic acid. Our research has paved a new way to modulate catalytic selectivity by manipulating the fine structures of the catalysts.     

互联网B/S架构交互式软件在核心概念教学中的应用*——以国际IB课程中“电解质”内容为例

基于核心概念教学的思路,国际IB课程互联网B/S架构交互式软件能够使学生围绕“电解质”核心概念,通过自行操作软件获得多个从微观到宏观、定性与定量相结合、可视化的实验证据,有利于学生深度理解概念与概念之间的逻辑和发展关系,促进学科知识系统框架的形成。     

Recent advances in electrochemical sensors for antibiotics and their applications

The abuse of antibiotics will cause an increase of drug-resistant strains and environmental pollution,which in turn will affect human health.Therefore,it is important to develop effective detection techniques to determine the level of antibiotics contamination in various fields.Compared with traditional detection methods,electrochemical sensors have received extensive attention due to their advantages such as high sensitivity,low detection limit,and good selectivity.In this mini review,we summarized the latest developments and new trends in electrochemical sensors for antibiotics.Here,modification methods and materials of electrode are discussed.We also pay more attention to the practical applications of antibiotics electrochemical sensors in different fields.In addition,the existing problems and the future challenges ahead have been proposed.We hope that this review can provide new ideas for the development of electrochemical sensors for antibiotics in the future.     

藤黄酸诱导肺癌细胞H1975凋亡的机制研究

目的 研究藤黄酸（GA）诱导人肺癌细胞H1975凋亡的分子机制,探讨氧自由基（ROS）和JNK信号通路在GA杀伤 肺癌细胞中的作用。方法 以人肺癌细胞H1975为研究对象,MTT法测定GA抑制细胞增殖的作用,Annexin V/PI 双染法测定细胞凋亡率,DCFH-DA 法测定ROS 含量,JC-1探针染色分析线粒体膜电位（MMP）,Western blot检测JNK 信号通路的激活和线粒体凋亡途径相关蛋白表达的变化。结果 GA 呈剂量依赖性抑制H1975细胞的增殖,各实验组细胞存活率与空白对照组比较,均有统计学差异（P＜0.05 或0.01）。1、2.5 和5滋mol/L GA 作用24h 后,细胞凋亡率分别为25.2%、51.8%和75.1%,剪切型凋亡相关蛋白cleaved caspase-9、cleaved caspase-3 和cleaved PARP 的表达随GA 浓度增高而显著增加,与空白对照组比较,均有统计学差异（P＜0.05或0.01）。GA 作用2h 后H1975细胞ROS 含量显著升高,磷酸化JNK（p-JNK）表达上调（P＜0.05或0.01）。GA 作用16h后各实验组细胞MMP 均明显降低（均P＜0.05）。GA 作用24h后实验组细胞线粒体凋亡途径相关蛋白Bax、Bak、Bik表达增加,而抗凋亡蛋白Bcl-2表达与空白对照组相比明显下降（P＜0.05 或0.01）。结论 GA 具有诱导H1975 细胞凋亡的作用,其可能机制是上调细胞内ROS含量,激活JNK 信号通路,进而引起MMP 降低和线粒体凋亡途径激活。     

miR-130a和miR-125b在川崎病外周血细胞中的表达及意义

目的 通过检测miR-130a 和miR-125b 在伴或不伴冠脉扩张（CAD）川崎病（KD）患儿与正常健康儿童外周血单核细胞（PBMC）中的表达差异,探讨两者可否作为KD 和CAD诊断及预后评估的全新血清生物标志物。方法 利用基因芯片技术筛选出KD 患儿与正常健康儿童之前具有差异表达的miRNAs,通过生物信息学分析,确定候选基因。进一步选取KD 患儿30 例（伴或不伴CAD 各15 例）、正常健康儿童15 例,采用茎环RT-PCR 的方法,验证候选基因miR-130a 和miR-125b 在PBMC 中的表达情况。结果 （1）通过基因芯片技术,分析KD 患儿与正常健康儿童PBMC 中存在明显差异表达的miRNA 共63 条,经过生物信息学分析,确定候选基因;（2）通过茎环RT-PCR 验证发现miR-130a 和miR-125b 在患儿IVIG 治疗前表达明显下调,而IVIG治疗后表达明显上调（P＜0.05）;（3）伴CAD 的KD 患儿miR-130a 及miR-125b 表达较不伴CAD 明显升高,且呈正相关性（R2 =0.734,mir-130a;R2 =0.709,miR-125b）;（4）ROC 曲线分析表明miR-130a（特异度87.5%和敏感度77.5%）和miR-125b（特异度83.3%和敏感度76.6%）对KD 及CAD 的判断有较高的特异度和敏感度。结论 PBMC 中的miR-130a 和miR-125b 参与了KD的发生与发展,可作为KD 及CAD诊断及预后评估的一项全新血清生物标志物,并为KD冠脉扩张的防治提供新的思路。     

三维斑点追踪成像评价甲状腺功能亢进患者左心室收缩功能改变的应用价值

目的 探讨三维斑点追踪成像（3D-STI）技术在评价甲状腺功能亢进(甲亢)患者左心室整体收缩功能中的应用价 值。方法 选择50 例甲状腺功能亢进患者与45 例健康志愿者,获取心尖四腔心切面动态图像,存储左心室三维全容积动态图像后,运用3D-STI 软件进行脱机分析,得到两组收缩期左心室整体纵向峰值应变（GLS）、圆周峰值应变（GCS）、左心室扭转度角度峰值(LV-tw)、左心室扭力（LV-tor）、左心室心底水平旋转角度峰值（Prot-B）、左心室心尖水平旋转角度峰值（Prot-A）及左心室射血分数（LVEF）等,比较两组三维应变（3DS）指标之间的差异。结果 与正常对照组比较,甲亢组的左心室收缩功能增强,GLS、GCS 分别为（-20.47±3.08）% vs.（-18.52±4.77）%、（-28.98±3.00）% vs.（-25.88±2.12）%,两组差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）;甲亢组LV-tw、LV-tor、LVProt-A、LVProt-B 均较正常对照组略有增加,但差异均无统计学意义（均P＞0.05）。结论 3D-STI 可无 创、敏感检测甲亢患者左心室三维应变,为临床客观评估甲亢左心室收缩功能提供一种新方法。     

非链式HF/DF激光器的研究进展

HF/DF激光器是中红外波段能提供最高能量输出的激光光源,也是中红外波段应用非常广泛的相干光源。本文介绍了近几年国内外关于非链式HF/DF激光器的研究进展及其成果应用,分析了非链式HF/DF激光器在应用方面的优缺点,总结了实现非链式HF/DF激光输出的关键技术和存在的问题,指出了该技术的未来发展方向。