Copolycarbonates of isosorbide and various diols

Isosorbide and equimolar amounts of various diols were polycondensed with diphosgene and pyridine. Bisphenol A, 3,3′‐dimethyl bisphenol A, bisphenol C, 1,3‐bis(4‐hydroxybenzoyloxy)propane, and 1,4‐cyclohexane diol were used as comonomers. The compositions were determined by ¹H NMR spectroscopy; the random sequences were characterized by ¹³C NMR spectroscopy. For the high‐molar‐mass copolycarbonates of bisphenol A, 3,3′‐dimethyl bisphenol A, and bisphenol C, matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry proved that the chain growth was mainly limited by cyclization. Copolycarbonates with alternating sequences were obtained by the polycondensation of bisphenol A with isosorbide bischloroformiate or from isosorbide and bisphenol A bischloroformiate. In these cases, large amounts of cyclic oligo‐ and polycarbonates were also formed. The glass‐transition temperatures were determined by differential scanning calorimetry measurements. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 3616–3628, 2006     

A semantical proof of the strong normalization theorem for full propositional classical natural deduction

We give in this paper a short semantical proof of the strong normalization for full propositional classical natural deduction. This proof is an adaptation of reducibility candidates introduced by J.-Y. Girard and simplified to the classical case by M. Parigot.     

Computerized data acquisition and processing for Shpol'skii high-resolution spectrofluorimetry

The program described provides simultaneously digital control of a high-resolution spectrofluorimeter, acquisition of analog signals and data storage, and contains graphics processing to visualize spectra. Automatic evaluation software, which evaluates peak heights and calculates concentrations is included. The program runs on an IBM PC-AT2 (or compatible) equipped with interface cards; it is composed of distinct modules which are obtained through a menu. The system has been applied to the determination of 13 polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs); it offers high selectivity, excellent detection limits, and rapidity of data acquisition. Results obtained for 9 PAHs in a standard urban dust (SRM-1649) were satisfactory.     

Euphroside,A New Iridoid Glucoside from Euphrasia salisburgensis HOPPE

Five iridoid glucosides have been isolated from the whole plant of Euphrasia salisburgensis. The structure of the new compound, named euphroside, and the identity of the others have been established by chemical transformations and spectral data.     

Dispersion of elastic guided waves in piezoelectric infinite plates with inversion layers

In this work, we study the dispersion of elastic waves in piezoelectric infinite plates with ferroelectric inversion layers. The motivation is to analyze the effect of ferroelectric inversion layers on wave dispersion and resonant behavior under impulsive line loads. A semi-analytical finite-element (SAFE) method has been adopted to analyze the problem. Two model problems are considered for analysis. In one, the plate is composed of a layer of 36° rotated y-cut LiNbO₃ with a ferroelectric inversion layer. In the other, material is PZT-4 with a ferroelectric inversion layer. Comparison with experimental results, reported in the literature for isotropic materials, shows a very good agreement with theoretical predictions obtained using SAFE method. Furthermore, comparison of the resonance frequencies of the S₁ modes, calculated using KLM approximation (f₀ = C_d/2h) and SAFE method, are illustrated for each problem. The frequency spectra of the surface displacements show that resonant peaks occur at frequencies where the group velocity vanishes and the phase velocity remains finite, i.e., a minimum in the dispersion curve below the cut-off frequency. The effect of the ratio of the thicknesses of the inversion layer (IL) and the plate on the frequencies and strength of the resonant peaks is examined. It is observed that for PZT-4 with 50% IL to plate thickness ratio the frequency for the second resonant peak is about twice that for the first one. Results are presented showing the dependence of resonant frequencies on the material properties and anisotropy. Materials selection for single-element harmonic ultrasound transducers is a very important factor for optimum design of transducers with multiple thickness-mode resonant frequencies. The theoretical analysis presented in this study should provide a means for optimum ultrasound transducer design for harmonic imaging in medical applications.     

The transverse ferromagnet spin-1 Ising model of alternating magnetic superlattice

Within the framework of the effective field theory with a probability distribution technique that accounts for the single-site spin correlations, we examine the critical behavior of the transverse ferromagnetic spin-1 Ising model of an alternating magnetic superlattice. The critical temperature of the alternating magnetic superlattice has been studied as a function of the interlayer and intralayer exchange interactions and the strength of the transverse field and the thickness of the finite superlattice. Received 12 January 2000 and Received in final form 14 September 2000     

New routes to the synthesis of pyridazinone,ethoxypyridine, pyrazole and pyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidine derivatives incorporating a benzotriazole moiety

A new approach to the synthesis of pyridazinone, ethoxypyridine, pyrazole and 7‐aminopyrazolo‐[1,5‐a]pyrimidine derivatives. The structure of the newly synthesized compounds was elucidated by elemental analyses, ir, ¹H nmr spectra and in some cases by ¹³C nmr investigations.     

Monomer sequencing and microstructural analysis on polymers of dimethyl norbornene dicarboxylate and 7‐oxanorbornene dicarboxylic derivatives employing ruthenium catalysts by ring‐opening metathesis polymerization

The physiochemical properties, comonomer sequencing, and regiospecificity of the linkages between monomeric units within homo/copolymers based on 5,6‐di‐substituted norbornene and 7‐oxanorbornene type monomers by ring‐opening metathesis polymerization are reported and correlated to their primary and secondary structural elements. In general, first‐generation Grubbs‐ I1 ruthenium catalyst generates polymers with high trans content that exhibits an extended secondary structure with exo,exo substituents, whereas second‐generation Grubbs‐ I2 catalyst produces polymers with high cis content that forms tight turns, resulting in a compact structure. Furthermore, I2 ‐produced polymers exhibit a high level of alternating cis–trans double bonds along their polymeric backbone. In stark contrast, both first‐ and second‐generation Grubbs catalysts display complete reversal in cis/trans selectivity when an oxygen atom is in position‐7 of the norbornene‐ring along with mono‐endo‐substitution in position‐5 or 6, and hence highlighting the importance of stereoelectronic complexation by the catalyst with the next incoming monomer for cis/trans selectivity. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2014 , 52, 2477–2501