Adjoint-based exact Hessian computation

BIT Numerical Mathematics - We consider a scalar function depending on a numerical solution of an initial value problem, and its second-derivative (Hessian) matrix for the initial value. The need...     

Observation of phase transition of cesium manganese hexacyanoferrates by X-ray absorption spectroscopy

Cesium manganese hexacyanoferrates exhibit an interesting phenomenon of temperature-induced phase transition accompanied by a variation in the magnetic susceptibility. We observed the variation in the electronic state of Mn during the phase transition by using X-ray absorption spectroscopy. The results of the analyses showed that the content ratio of Fe^II-CN-Mn^III and Fe^III-CN-Mn^II systematically varied during the phase transition. However, the ratio of Fe^II-CN-Mn^II remained constant at almost all temperatures. These results suggest that the charge transfer between Fe and Mn ions in the Fe^III-CN-Mn^II or the Fe^II-CN-Mn^III bond produces the phase transition.     

Preparation and characterization of single-phase SiC nanotubes and C-SiC coaxial nanotubes

Preparation conditions of single-phase SiC nanotubes and C-SiC coaxial nanotubes were investigated. The characterization of single-phase SiC nanotubes and C-SiC coaxial nanotubes were carried out. The SiC nanowires, which were made of the catenated SiC grains of 50–200 nm in diameter, were obtained in carbon nanotubes reacted at 1450 °C. The only C-SiC coaxial nanotubes were formed at 1300 °C. A few single-phase SiC nantoubes were synthesized at 1200 °C for 100 h. More than half number of nanotubes reacted at 1200 °C for 100 h were altered to single-phase SiC nantoubes by heat treatment of 600 °C for 1 h in air since the remained carbon was removed. The energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis revealed that the atomic ratio of Si to C in single-phase SiC nanotubes was almost 1; these single-phase SiC nanotubes consisted of near-stoichiometric SiC grains.     

Parameter identification problem for the equation of motion of membrane with strong viscosity

The parameter identification problem of constant parameters in the equation of membrane with strong viscosity is studied. The problem is formulated by a minimization of quadratic cost functionals by distributive measurements. The existence of optimal parameters and necessary optimality conditions for the parameters are proved.     

Recent trends of industrial catalysts for resid hydroprocessing in Japan

To meet the gradual changes in petroleum demand, in particular a reduced demand for heavy fuel oil, advanced technology for resid hydroprocessing is now extremely necessary. The catalyst technology for resid hydroprocessing in Japan, especially fixed bed type of hydrodesulfurization and hydroconversion, is reviewed in this article.     

Iodoetherification of 4-penten-1,3-diols: stereoselective synthesis of cis 2-iodomethyl-3-hydroxytetrahydrofurans

cis 2-Iodomethyl-3-hydroxytetrahydrofurans have been obtained in high yields and in high selectivities by treatment of 4-penten-1,3-diols with iodine (ether-H₂O, NaHCO₃).     

Novel oxy-perfluoroalkylation

(Perfluoroalkyl)phenyliodonium sulfonates underwent novel oxy-perfluoroalkylation with alkenes under oxygen atmosphere in the presence of a base.     

Selective 1,4-diacetoxylation of conjugated dienes with tellurium (IV) oxide

Oxidation of several linear conjugated dienes with tellurium (IV) oxide and lithium bromide in acetic acid affords an isomeric mixture of the corresponding diacetoxyalkenes (1,2- and 1,4-addition products), 1,4-isomer being highly selectively produced when the ratio of LiBr/TeO₂, is 5–10.     

Synthesis of lipid A analogues containing glucose instead of glucosamine and their LPS-antagonistic activities

Lipid A analogues containing glucose in substitution for glucosamine on the reducing end were synthesized, and the inhibitory activities on LPS-induced TNFα production (LPS-antagonistic activity) in vitro using human whole blood cells were measured. The IC₅₀ values (nM) of these ten compounds, 8, 14, 21, 31, 40, 51, 57, 62, 67 and 72, were 11.2, 15.4, 2.7, 0.1, 0.4, 1.3, 3.2, 3.2, 1.4 and 14.4, respectively. And also inhibitory activities (ID₅₀) on TNFα production toward galactosamine loaded C3H/HeN mice in vivo of compounds 21, 31, 57, 62 and 67 were measured. The values of these compounds were 0.29, 0.50, 0.61, not dose-dependent and 0.33 mg/kg, respectively.