A simple and selective method for rapid and efficient concentration and determination of μg l−1 levels of Au(III) ions in aqueous solution using octadecyl silica membrane disks modified by pentathia-15-crown-5 and flame atomic absorption spectrometry is presented. The influence of flow rates of eluent and sample solution, amount of ligand, types and least amount of eluent for elution of Au from disks were investigated. Break through volume and limit of detection of the membrane disks modified by 5 mg of the thiacrown ether was found to be 2.0 l and 1.0 μg l−1, respectively. The effects of various cationic interferences on percent recovery of gold were studied. The method was successfully applied for the determinations of gold in some pharmaceutical samples and for the recovery of trace Au3+ ions from synthetic and water samples. 相似文献
Transfer of technology is a complex process with many facets, options and constraints. While the concept is an important step in bringing industrialization process to agricultural based countries, it is clear, however, that a country will only benefit from a new technology if it addresses a real need, and if it can be absorbed and adapted to suit the existing cultural and technological base.
International Atomic Energy Agency, as UN body, has a mandate to promote nuclear applicationsand assist Member States in transfer of technology for peaceful applications. This mandate has been pursued by many different mechanisms developed in the past years: technical assistance, coordinated research programmes, scientific and technical meetings, publications, etc. In all these activities the Agency is the organizer and initiator, but main contributions come from expert services from developed countries and, increasingly, from developing countries themselves. The technical cooperation among developing coutries more and more becomes part of different programmes.
In particular, regional cooperation has been demonstrated as an effective instrument for transfer of technology from developed and among developing countries.
Some examples of actual programmes are given. 相似文献
The conformational stability and structure of 2,3-dimethylpropenal, 2,3-difluoropropenal and their 3,3-dimethyl and 3,3-difluoro derivatives were investigated utilizing ab initio calculations with 3-21G and 6-31G basis sets. For 2,3-dimethylpropenal and 3,3-difluoropropenal the s-trans was predicted to be the low-energy form. In the case of 3,3-dimethylpropenal and 2,3-difluoropropenal the s-cis was predicted by both levels of calculation to be the more stable conformer. Full optimization was performed at the transition states and the barriers to internal rotation were calculated. Methyl and fluorine substitution were found to significantly increase the barrier to interconversion in propenal. The relative change in the barrier depends on the position and the type of the substituent. The trans to cis barrier in 2,3-dimethylpropenal was calculated to be about 3 kcal mol−1 greater than that in 3,3-dimethylpropenal, while the cis to trans barrier in 2,3-difluoropropenal was predicted to be about 7 kcal mol−1 higher than the corresponding one in 3-3-difluoropropenal. 相似文献
A first-derivative spectrophotometric (1D) method and a derivative-ratio zero-crossing spectrophotometric (1DD) method were used to determine pyritinol dihydrochloride (I) in the presence of its precursor (II) and its degradation product (III) with 0.1N hydrochloric acid as a solvent. Linear relationships were obtained in the ranges of 6-22 microg/mL for the (1D) method and 6-20 microg/mL for the (1DD) method. By applying the proposed methods, it was possible to determine pyritinol dihydrochloride in its pure powdered form with an accuracy of 100.36 +/- 1.497% (n = 9) for the (1D) method and an accuracy of 99.92 +/- 1.172% (n = 8) for the (1DD) method. Laboratory-prepared mixtures containing different ratios of (I), (II), and (III) were analyzed, and the proposed methods were valid for concentrations of < or = 10% (II) and < or = 50% (III). The proposed methods were validated and found to be suitable as stability-indicating assay methods for pyritinol in pharmaceutical formulations. 相似文献
Multielement neutron activation analysis has been applied to the determination of macro, micro and trace amounts of Al, Br, Ca, Cl, Co, Cr, Cs, Fe, K, La, Mg, Mn, Na, Rb, Sc and V in molasses of Kom Ombo, Edfu, Armant, Naga Hammady and Abu Korkass cane sugar factories. The threshold element concentrations are acceptable and below the safety. Differences in element concentrations may be related to different botanic textures and structures, different compositions of sugar cane plants, corrosion of containers or changes in soil as a result of geochemical differentiation. The method is sensitive down to 0.038 ppm of V. The relative errors due to counting statistics are in the range of 0.2–11%. 相似文献
Summary A new simple, rapid and accurate amplification micro method for fluoride determination is described. It is based on the reaction between the sparingly soluble calcium iodate and the fluoride ion. After adding isopropyl alcohol to the solution, so that its final concentration is 65%, and filtering, an equivalent amount of the iodate is obtained. The latter is titrated iodometrically resulting in a six-fold amplification of the titre. The method is reproducible over a range from 0.4–8 mg fluoride ion. The mean recovery is 99.69%, after applying a correction factor due to potassium iodate solubility.
Zusammenfassung Ein Multiplikationsverfahren zur Mikrobestimmung von Fluorid wurde beschrieben. Es beruht auf der Umsetzung zwischen dem schlecht löslichen Calciumjodat und Fluorid. Nach Zusatz von i-Propylalkohol, bis die Lösung 65% davon enthält, wird filtriert. Die äquivalente Jodatmenge wird jodometrisch titriert. Zwischen 0,4 und 8 mg Fluorid sind die Ergebnisse reproduzierbar. Bei Anwendung eines Korrekturfaktors wegen der Löslichkeit von Kaliumjodat wurden 99,69% Fluorid wieder gefunden.
A simple synthesis has been devised for the tripodal 3,3,4-tetraamine ligand N{(CH2)3NH2}2{(CH2)4NH2} (L). This ligand forms
a copper(II) complex, [Cu (LH)Cl2]ClO4 (7), the structure of which has been determined by X-ray diffraction. The cation contains
a five-coordinate copper atom, bonded to two chloride ions, the two propylamine groups and the tertiary nitrogen atom of the
ligand; the arrangement is a distorted trigonal bipyramid, in which the two primary amine groups occupy the axial positions.
The butylamine group of the ligand does not coordinate to copper but is protonated. It is involved in hydrogen bonding to
the perchlorate ion. The e.p.r. spectrum of [Cu(dpt)Cl2] is very similar to that of (7), suggesting that it also has a trigonal
bipyramidal structure.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
Proton spin-lattice relaxation rates (R1 values) have been measured, at 270 MHz, for a series of N-aryl isoindolinones. A normalization procedure has been used to enable comparison of R1 values in different compounds by minimizing the effects on relaxation rates of changes in motional correlation times accompanying changes in substitution patterns. A substantial (4.3-fold) dynamic range of R1 values has been observed, and individual values have been correlated with the molecular environments of the nuclei. There is evidence for an interring relaxation process. 相似文献
An analytical method for determining residues of twenty pesticides by liquid chromatography (LC) coupled to electrospray ionisation (ESI) tandem mass spectrometry (MS-MS) in eight commodities, cucumber, tomato, pepper, green bean, eggplant, zucchini, melon and watermelon, has been developed and validated. On one hand, calibration curves prepared in solvent were compared with calibration curves prepared in a blank matrix extract of each target matrix. On the other hand, calibration curves and recoveries for each commodity were compared. Cucumber was selected as potential reference matrix for the target vegetables. 相似文献
The potentiometric response properties and applications of a tetra-coordinate nickel(II) complex with relatively high selectivity toward nitrate ion are described. The nickel(II) complex of 5,7,12,14-tetramethyl-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradeca-4,6,11,13-tetraene was used as a neutral carrier into plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) membrane. The influence of several variables was investigated in order to optimize the potentiometric response and selectivity of the electrode. The resulting membrane electrode incorporating 31.0% PVC, 61.0% dioctyl phthalate (DOP) as plasticizer, 3% methyltrioctylammonium chloride (MTOAC) as a cationic additive and 5% carrier (all w/w) demonstrates a Nernstian response slope of −59.6 mV per decade over the concentration range of 5×10−6-1×10−1 M NO3−. The electrode exhibits a fast response time (≤10 s), a detection limit of 2.5×10−6 M, and can be used over a wide pH range of 4-12. The electrode shows improved selectivity in comparison to most of the previously reported nitrate-selective electrodes. It was successfully applied to the determination of nitrate ion in natural water samples. 相似文献