Calculations of Rydberg energy levels for Ni ⅩⅧ using the weakest bound electron potential model theory

Martin expression about the quantum defect of single-valence atoms is extended to many-valence atoms by identifying the weakest bound electron (WBE) under the weakest bound electron potential model(WBEPM) theory. Six Rydberg series energy levels of 2p6np2P°1/2 (n ≥ 3), 2p6np2P°3/2 (n ≥ 3), 2p6nd2D3/2(n ≥ 3), 2p6nd2D5/2 (n ≥ 3), 2p6nf2F°5/2 (n≥4), and 2p6nf2F°7/2 (n ≥ 4) for Ni ⅩⅧ are calculated by this method. The calculated results are in good agreement with the experimental results.     

Gain characteristics and optimization of dual-pump fiber optical parametric amplifier using two-section highly nonlinear fibers

In this paper the gain characteristics of two-pump fiber optical parametric amplifiers (FOPA) with two-section highly nonlinear fibers are analyzed numerically and the parameters of the fibers are optimized to reach broad and flat gain spectra using genetic algorithm. Different from the previous methods, here the space between two pump wavelengths and the parameter β₄ of the fibers are included as a pivotal factor in the optimization. The numerical simulation shows that using two-section practical high nonlinear fibers, the amplifier may reach 110 nm bandwidth covering 1495–1605 nm with 10.5 dB average gain and gain ripple of 0.17 dB, when the total pump power is 1 W.     

Heavy flags undergo spontaneous oscillations in flowing water

By immersing a compliant yet self-supporting sheet into flowing water, we study a heavy, streamlined, and elastic body interacting with a fluid. We find that above a critical flow velocity a sheet aligned with the flow begins to flap with a Strouhal frequency consistent with animal locomotion. This transition is subcritical. Our results agree qualitatively with a simple fluid dynamical model that predicts linear instability at a critical flow speed. Both experiment and theory emphasize the importance of body inertia in overcoming the stabilizing effects of finite rigidity and fluid drag.     

The Calibration Method of TOFr in the STAR Experiment

a tray of time of flight detector based on mrPc technology took part in the physics run of star both in p+p and d+au collisions in 2003. together with the information from the time Projection chamber(tPc) and the pseudo–vertex Position detector (pvPd) of the star experiment,corrections are done to calibrate the new prototype tof. the intrinsic time resolution of tofr reaches 85ps and it extends the π/K and K/p separation up to 1.6gev/c and 3.0gev/c respectively.     

Upconversion fluorescence property of Er/Yb-codoped novel bismuth-germanium glass

Infrared-to-visible upconversion fluorescence property of Er³⁺/Yb³⁺-codoped novel bismuth-germanium glass under 975 nm LD excitation has been studied. Intense green and red emissions centered at 525, 546 and 657 nm, corresponding to the transitions ²H_11/2→⁴I_15/2, ⁴S_3/2→⁴I_15/2, and ⁴F_9/2→⁴I_15/2, respectively, were observed at room temperature. The quadratic dependence of the 525, 546 and 657 nm emissions on excitation power indicates that a two-photon absorption process occurs. The structure of the bismuth-germanium glass has been investigated by peak-deconvolution of FT-Raman spectrum, and the structural information was obtained from the peak wavenumbers. This novel bismuth-germanium glass with low maximum phonon energy (∼750 cm⁻¹) can be used as potential host material for upconversion lasers.     

Leakage current and sub-bandgap photo-response of oxygen-plasma treated GaN Schottky barrier diodes

The effect of oxygen plasma treatment on the performance of GaN Schottky barrier diodes is studied. The GaN surface is intentionally exposed to oxygen plasma generated in an inductively coupled plasma etching system before Schottky metal deposition. The reverse leakage current of the treated diodes is suppressed in low bias range with enhanced diode ideality factor and series resistance. However, in high bias range the treated diodes exhibit higher reverse leakage current and corresponding lower breakdown voltage. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis reveals the growth of a thin GaO_x layer on GaN surface during oxygen plasma treatment. Under sub-bandgap light illumination, the plasma-treated diodes show larger photovoltaic response compared with that of untreated diodes, suggesting that additional defect states at GaN surface are induced by the oxygen plasma treatment.     

Optical spin-dependent angular shift in structured metamaterials

The physics behind the spin (polarization)-dependent electromagnetic hot-spot phenomenon is due to the presence of the geometric phase resulting from the optical spin-orbit interaction in the interaction of light with the subwavelength microstructures. Unlike the tiny spin-dependent shift of light associated with the usual spin-Hall effect of light, here we present the distinct polarization-dependent angular shift by employing an array of subwavelength metallic apertures. More importantly, this novel electromagnetic precession is accompanied by the extraordinary optical transmission phenomenon and offers the exciting possibilities for novel applications for subwavelength structured metallic systems.     

Picosecond pulses from a cryogenically cooled, composite amplifier using Yb:YAG and Yb:GSAG

A cryogenic Yb amplifier using two laser materials, Gd3Sc2Al3O12 and Y3Al5O12 (YAG), has been used to obtain 70 W average power at 5 kHz pulse repetition frequency; the output was compressed to 1.6 ps, compared with an input compressible to 1.4 ps. The gain broadening obtained by combining two media enables shorter pulses than using Yb:YAG alone but retains the power-scaling advantages of cryogenic Yb:YAG.     

Anisotropic hyperfine interactions limit the efficiency of spin-exchange optical pumping of ³He nuclei

We use accurate ab initio and quantum scattering calculations to demonstrate that the maximum 3He spin polarization that can be achieved in spin-exchange collisions with potassium (3?K) and silver (1??Ag) atoms is limited by the anisotropic hyperfine interaction. We find that spin exchange in Ag-He collisions occurs much faster than in K-He collisions over a wide range of temperatures (10-600 K). Our analysis indicates that measurements of trap loss rates of 2S atoms in the presence of cold 3He gas may be used to probe anisotropic spin-dependent interactions in atom-He collisions.     

Exciton states and interband optical transitions in wurtzite InGaN/GaN quantum dot nanowire heterostructures

Within the framework of the effective-mass approximation, the exciton states and interband optical transitions in In_xGa_1−xN/GaN strained quantum dot (QD) nanowire heterostructures are investigated using a variational method, in which the important built-in electric field (BEF) effects, dielectric-constant mismatch and three-dimensional confinement of the electron and hole in In_xGa_1−xN QDs are considered. We find that the strong BEF gives rise to an obvious reduction of the effective band gap of QDs and leads to a remarkable electron-hole spatial separation. The BEF, QD height and radius, and dielectric mismatch effects have a significant influence on exciton binding energy, electron interband optical transitions, and the exciton oscillator strength.