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Miguel Simões J Duarte IS Fonseca PJ Turner GF Clara Amorim M 《The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America》2008,124(2):1332-1338
Courtship and agonistic interactions in an African cichlid species present a richer diversity of acoustic stimuli than previously reported. Male cichlids, including those from the genus Pseudotropheus (P.), produce low frequency short pulsed sounds during courtship. Sounds emitted by P. zebra males in the early stages of courtship (during quiver) were found to be significantly longer and with a higher number of pulses than sounds produced in later stages. During agonistic intrasexual quiver displays, males produced significantly longer sounds with more pulses than females. Also, male sounds had a shorter duration and pulse period in courtship than in male-male interactions. Taken together, these results show that the acoustic repertoire of this species is larger than what was previously known and emphasize the importance of further research exploiting the role of acoustic stimuli in intra- and interspecific communication in African cichlids. 相似文献
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Miguel A. Schettino Jr. Alfredo G. Cunha Evaristo Nunes Edson C. Passamani Jair C. C. Freitas Francisco G. Emmerich Milton K. Morigaki 《Journal of nanoparticle research》2016,18(4):90
This work describes the production and characterization of carbon-iron nanocomposites obtained from the decomposition of iron pentacarbonyl (Fe(CO)5) mixed with different carbon materials: a high surface area activated carbon (AC), powdered graphite (G), milled graphite (MG), and carbon black (CB). The nanocomposites were prepared either under argon or in ambient atmosphere, with a fixed ratio of Fe(CO)5 (4.0 mL) to carbon precursor (2.0 g). The images of scanning electron microscopy and the analysis of textural properties indicated the presence of nanostructured Fe compounds homogeneously dispersed into the different classes of pores of the carbon matrices. The elemental Fe content was always larger for samples prepared in ambient atmosphere, reaching values in the range of 20–32 wt%. On the other hand, samples prepared under argon showed reduced Fe content, with values in the range 5–10 wt% for samples prepared from precursors with low surface area (G, MG, and CB) and a much higher value (~19 wt%) for samples prepared from the precursor of high surface area (AC). Mössbauer spectroscopy and X-ray diffractometry showed that the nanoparticles were mostly composed of iron oxides in the case of the samples prepared in oxygen-rich ambient atmosphere and also for the AC-derived nanocomposite prepared under argon, which is consistent with the large oxygen content of this precursor. For the other precursors, with reduced or no oxygen content, metallic iron and iron carbides were found to be the dominant phases in samples prepared under oxygen-free atmosphere. The samples prepared in ambient atmosphere and the AC-derived sample prepared under argon exhibited superparamagnetic behavior at room temperature, as revealed by temperature-dependent magnetization curves and Mössbauer spectroscopy. 相似文献
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Y. Luo M. Piantek J. Miguel M. Bernien W. Kuch R. Haag 《Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing》2008,93(2):293-301
We present the synthesis of 4′-amino-4-mercaptobiphenyl (AMB) and its deposition from solution onto Au(111) substrates. The
resulting organic thin films were characterized by contact angle, infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS), X-ray
photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) measurements. It is demonstrated
that the majority of AMB molecules are coupled to the gold surface via S–Au covalent bonds, although only little orientational
order of the AMB layer could be detected by NEXAFS. Furthermore, aromatic imine bonds between AMB and 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde
(HB), 4-carboxybenzaldehyde (CB), 4-methylbenzaldehyde (MB), or 4-(trifluoromethyl) benzaldehyde (TMB) have been successfully
formed. As a result of the limited order, this coupling reaction was incomplete. Nevertheless, the experimental results confirmed
the formation of conjugated aromatic imine bonds. 相似文献
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Phases of carbon are studied up to pressures of 1 petapascal (PPa) using first-principles density-functional-theory methods and a structure searching algorithm. Our extensive search over the potential energy surface supports the sequence of transitions diamond → BC8 → simple cubic under increasing pressure found in previous theoretical studies. At higher pressures we predict a soft-phonon driven transition to a simple hexagonal structure at 6.4 terapascals (TPa), and further transitions to the face centered cubic electride structure at 21 TPa, a double hexagonal close packed structure at 270 TPa, and the body centered cubic structure at 650 TPa. 相似文献