Bidirectional Quantum Teleportation of a Class of <Emphasis Type="Italic">n</Emphasis>-Qubit States by Using (2<Emphasis Type="Italic">n</Emphasis> + <Emphasis Type="Bold">2</Emphasis>)-Qubit Entangled States as Quantum Channel

A new protocol of bidirectional quantum teleportation (BQT) is proposed in which the users can transmit a class of n-qubit state to each other simultaneously, by using (2n + 2)-qubit entangled states as quantum channel. The state of the art approaches can only transmit two-qubit states in each round. This scheme is based on control-not operation, single-qubit measurements and appropriate single-qubit unitary operations. It is shown that the protocol is secure in preparation phase.     

Microwave-assisted green synthesis of 4,5-dihydro-1<Emphasis Type="Italic">H</Emphasis>-pyrazole-1-carbothioamides in water

Rapid, efficient, simple and green procedure for the synthesis of 4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-1-carbothioamides via the multicomponent reaction of aryl aldehydes, acetophenones and thiosemicarbazide in water in the presence of tetrabutylammonium hydroxide under microwave irradiation is reported.     

Influence of ligand-bridged substitution on the exchange coupling constant of chromium-wheels host complexes: a density functional theory study

Designing and introducing novel wheel-shaped supramolecular as host complexes with new magnetic properties is the theme of the day. So in this study, new eight binuclear chromium (III) complexes, as models of real chromium-wheel host complexes, were designed based on changing of bridged-ligands and exchange coupling constants (J) of them were calculated using the broken symmetry density functional theory approach. Substitution of fluorine ligand in fluoro-bridged model [Cr₂F(tBuCO₂)₂(H₂O)₂(OH)₄]^?1 by halogen anions (Cl^?, Br^? and I^? ) decreased the antiferromagnetic exchange coupling between Cr(III) centres such that by going from F^? to I^? the J values became more positive. In the case of hydroxo-bridged model [Cr₂OH(tBuCO₂)₂(H₂O)₂(OH)₄]^?1, replacement of hydroxyl by methoxy anion (OMe^?) strengthened the antiferromagnetic property of the complex but substitution by sulfanide (SH^?) and amide (NH₂^?) anions weakened it and changed the nature of complexes to ferromagnetic. Because of their different magnetic properties, these new investigated complexes can be suggested as interesting synthetic targets. Also, the J value changes due to ligand substitution were evaluated and it was found that the Cr–X bond strength and partial charges of involved atoms were the most effective factors on it.     

Three-stage auto-ignition of n-heptane and methyl-cyclohexane mixtures at lean conditions in a flat piston rapid compression machine

One approach to enhancing the thermal efficiency of combustion systems is to burn fuels at ultra-lean conditions (equivalence ratio below 0.5). It has been recently reported that the auto-ignition of some hydrocarbon fuels, under specific temperature, pressure, and mixture conditions, releases heat in three distinctive stages. The three auto-ignition stages can be divided as a first low-temperature auto-ignition stage with conventional low temperature, and a high-temperature stage separated into two sub-stages. This study presents ignition delay time measurements of n-heptane and methyl-cyclohexane (MCH) mixtures in a flat piston rapid compression machine (RCM) under ultra-lean conditions. It provides experimental evidence of three-stage auto-ignition. This phenomenon of delayed high-temperature heat release is seldom reported in the literature and this is the first time to be reported for these types of fuels. The experiments cover two binary n-heptane/MCH mixtures of 15/85 and 70/30 by volume, pressures of 11 bar and 16 bar, temperature range of 700 to 900 K, and equivalence ratio of 0.4. The RCM optical access was utilized for high-speed chemiluminescence imaging. Detailed chemical kinetic simulations in a homogenous batch reactor with variable volume were conducted to further interrogate the three-stage auto-ignition phenomenon. Chemiluminescence shows that three-stage auto-ignition occurs in the adiabatically compressed end-gas, which indicates that this phenomenon is chemically-driven and is not induced by a thermal stratification in the RCM experiments. The model predicts the features of three-stage auto-ignition, which were experimentally observed at temperatures approximately below 750 K. As expected, significant discrepancies are observed in the ignition delays of experiment and simulation in the negative temperature coefficient (NTC) region. The simulation of the n-heptane/MCH 70/30 mixture shows better agreement with experiments in the Positive Temperature Coefficient (PTC) region compared to the 15/85 mixture.     

Inductive Construction of the Loop Transform for Abelian Gauge Theories

We construct the loop transform in the case of Abelian gauge theories as a unitary operator given by the inductive limit of Fourier transforms on tori. We also show that its range, i.e. the space of kinematical states of the quantum loop representation, is the Hilbert space of square integrable complex valued functions on the group of hoops.     

Stimulated emission of free excitons in Cd1−xMnxTe under nonresonant two-photon excitation

We report on free excitons coexisting with exciton magnetic polarons (EMPs) in bulk semimagnetic semiconductors of Cd_1−xMn_xTe for 0.04?x?0.36 at 2 K under nonresonant two-photon excitation. This two-photon excitation not only generates free excitons but also more efficiently creates EMPs compared with ordinary one-photon excitation. Stimulated emission from free excitons is demonstrated under strong two-photon excitation.     

Shape invariance for the bent brane with two scalar fields

In this paper, we study the braneworld scenarios in the presence of two real scalar fields coupled by gravity. The first-order formalism for the bent brane (for both de Sitter and anti-de Sitter geometry), leads us to discuss the shape invariance method in the bent brane systems. So, by using the fluctuations of metric and fields we obtain the Schrödinger equation. Then we factorize the corresponding Hamiltonian in terms of multiplication of the first-order differential operators. These first-order operators lead us to obtain the energy spectrum with the help of shape invariance method.     

Tunable energy transfer distributed feedback dye laser using pyronin B and crystal violet dye mixture

Using pyronin B and crystal violet dye mixture, the characteristics of energy transfer distributed feedback dye laser (ETDFDL) pumped by 532 nm Nd:YAG laser were investigated. The characteristics of donor DFDL and acceptor DFDL as well as the dependence of their pulse widths and output powers on pump power and acceptor concentrations were studied. The output energy of DFDL was measured at the emission peaks of donor and acceptor dyes for different pump powers and acceptor concentrations, and tunability was observed from 570 to 645 nm using prism dye cell arrangement.     

Rotating Charged Hairy Black Hole in(2+1) Dimensions and Particle Acceleration

In this paper, we construct rotating charged hairy black hole in(2+1) dimensions for infinitesimal black hole charge and rotation parameters. Then we consider this black hole as particle accelerator and calculate the centerof-mass energy of two colliding test particles near the rotating charged hairy black hole in(2+1) dimensions. As we expected, the center-of-mass energy has infinite value.