Palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling of benzylzinc reagents with 2-bromo-3,3,3-trifluoropropene

α-Trifluoromethyl alkenes can be used as peptide isosteres, moreover, the pre-installed vinyl group make it possible that transformation to diverse fluorine-containing unities. However, the cross-coupling of benzyl group with α-trifluoromethyl alkenes has yet to be developed. In this report, we describe a general method for the cross-coupling of benzylzinc reagents with 2-bromo-3,3,3-trifluoropropene (BTP) to afford diverse α-trifluoromethylalkene derivatives by using Pd(TFA)₂ as catalyst. This method takes advantage of cheap industrial available fluorine building blocks and easily prepared benzylzinc reagents to generate α-trifluoromethylalkene derivatives, which features with mild reaction conditions, wide substrate scope and feasibility of product transformations.     

Efficient Oxidation of Alcohols with Potassium Permanganate Adsorbed on Aluminum Silicate Reagent

A new reagent, potassium permanganate adsorbed on aluminum silicate, suitable for the oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols to the corresponding carbonyl compounds is described.     

新型导电陶瓷Sm0.9Sr0.1Al0.5Mn0.5O3-δ的制备及其电性能研究

采用有机凝胶法结合固相烧结技术制备了Sm0.9Sr0.1Al0.5Mn0.5O3－δ (SSAM9155)新型导电陶瓷. 通过TG/DTA, FTIR, XRD, SEM和直流四引线法系统研究了凝胶前驱体的热分解及其相转化过程和烧结体的结构、相稳定性、微观形貌、电导率以及电输运机制. 结果表明, 凝胶前驱体在900 ℃焙烧5 h可以形成完全晶化的四方钙钛矿相纳米粉体; 高温烧结制得的SSAM9155陶瓷的电导率取决于p型电导, 电导率随温度的升高而增大, 导电行为符合p型小极化子跳跃机制; 随烧结温度的升高或保温时间的延长, SSAM9155陶瓷的电导率和相对密度都先增大后减小, 1600 ℃烧结10 h制得的SSAM9155陶瓷具有最高的电导率和相对密度(98%), 该样品在空气和氢气气氛中850 ℃时的电导率分别为8.21和1.26 S•cm－1, 表观活化能分别为0.265和0.465 eV. 具有较高电导率的Sr, Mn掺杂的SmAlO3导电陶瓷有望成为一种新型的固体氧化物燃料电池(SOFC)阳极材料.     

Syngas production from methane reforming with O2 and CO2 over Ni–La2O3/SiO2 catalysts using EDTA salt precursors

Ni–La₂O₃/SiO₂ catalysts (NLS) were prepared by the incipient-wetness impregnation method using EDTA salt precursors. XRD measurements revealed that the promoter of La₂O₃ is highly dispersed on the NLS. The TPR profiles indicated a strong interaction between NiO and La₂O₃ to form a La–Ni complex oxide like species over the NLS, which may be the origin of its high catalytic performance.     

Goethite nanorods as anode electrode materials for rechargeable Li-ion batteries

Although various transition metal oxides have been reported to act as low potential Li insertion hosts, the oxyhydroxides have remained unexplored to date. We show here that the hydroxide ions present in transition metal oxyhydroxides do not interfere with the lithium uptake and extraction, permitting very good reversibility of the reduction/oxidation reactions. Goethite (α-FeOOH) nanocrystals can uptake and extract large amount of Li via the conversion reaction mechanism, providing a reversible capacity of 500 mA h g⁻¹ at an average potential of 0.85 V vs. Li/Li⁺. The mechanism was examined using a combination of X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, and the corresponding selected area electron diffractions (SAEDs). The α-FeOOH is reduced into nanoparticles of metallic Fe⁰ embedded in an amorphous matrix of Li₂O and LiOH in the first discharge; the subsequent cyclings are redox reactions between metallic Fe⁰ and Fe₂O₃ clusters.     

Self‐Assembled Supramolecular Nanocarrier Hosting Two Kinds of Guests in the Site‐Isolation State

Hyperbranched polyethylenimine (HPEI) was simply mixed with a solution of amphiphilic calix[4]arene (AC4), which possesses four phenol groups and four aliphatic chains, in chloroform. This resulted in the novel supramolecular complex HPEI–AC4 through the noncovalent interaction of the amino groups of HPEI with the phenol groups of AC4. The formed HPEI–AC4 supramolecular complexes were characterized by ¹H NMR spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering. The cationic water‐soluble dye methyl blue (MB) and the anionic water‐soluble dye methyl orange (MO) were used as the model guests to test the performance of HPEI–AC4 as a supramolecular nanocarrier. It was found that HPEI–AC4 could accommodate the anionic water‐soluble MO guests into the HPEI core. The MO encapsulation capacity of HPEI–AC4 was pH sensitive, which reached maximum loading under weakly acidic conditions. The loaded MO molecules could be totally released when the pH value was reduced to be around 4.5 or raised to be around 9.5, and this process was reversible. HPEI–AC4 could not only accommodate the anionic MO with the HPEI core but could also simultaneously load the cationic MB molecules using the formed AC4 shell, thereby realizing the site isolation of the two kinds of functional units. The amount of MO and MB encapsulated by HPEI–AC4 could be controlled by varying the ratio of hydroxyl groups of AC4 to amino groups of HPEI.     

Middle-phase microemulsions of green surfactant alkyl polyglucosides

Microemulsions are important organized molecular assembles in surfactant solutions and are used in various fields such as tertiary oil recovery, pharmaceutics, cosmetics, nanoparticle synthe-sis and chemical engineering. The more commonly used nonionic surfactants to produce micro- emulsions are the ethylene oxide-based compounds (CiEj). In recent years alkyl polyglucosides have been received considerable attention in producing microemulsions[17]. Alkyl polyglucosides (APG), which are widely…     

Mechanism and Kinetics of Thermal Dissociation of Inclusion Complex of Benzaldehyde with β-Cyclodextrin

The inclusion complex of benzaldehyde (BA) with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) was prepared and was studied by thermal analysis and X-ray diffractometry. The composition of the complex was identified by TG and elemental analysis as β-CD·BA·9H₂O. TG and DSC studies showed that the thermal dissociation of β-CD·BA·9H₂O took place in three stages: dehydration in the range 70-120°C; dissociation of β-CD·BA in the range 235-270°C; and decomposition of β-CD above 280°C. The kinetics of dissociation of β-CD·BA in flowing dry nitrogen was studied by means of TG both at constant temperature and at linearly increasing temperature. The results showed that the dissociation of β-CD·BA was dominated by a one-dimensional random nucleation and subsequent growth process (A₂). The activation energy E was 124. 8 kJ mol^-1, and the pre-exponential factor A 5.04·10¹¹ min^-1. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Determination of Allosteric Effects and Interstrand Bidentate Interactions in DNA‐Peptide Molecular Recognition

To study DNA allostery, quantitative DNase I footprinting studies were carried out on a newly designed peptide His‐Hyp‐Lys‐Lys‐(Py)₄‐Lys‐Lys‐NH₂ (HypKK‐10) containing the XHypKK (Hyp = hydroxyproline) and polyamide motifs. The interconnection of DNA footprints of peptides HypKK‐10 and the parent peptide PyPro‐12 supports the proposal that interaction network cooperativity is preferred in DNA‐peptide interactions between multiple recognition sites. A simple method of determining interstrand bidentate interactions between the peptide moieties and DNA bases is introduced. It is envisaged that interstrand bidentate interactions also participate in the relay of conformational changes to recognition sites on the complementary strands. Circular dichroism studies of the titration of peptide HypKK‐10 with an oligonucleotide duplex indicate that this peptide binds in a dimeric fashion to DNA in the minor groove. This work may prompt the design of new DNA binding ligands for the study of DNA‐peptide allosteric interactions and DNA interaction network.     

Synthesis of statistical and block copolymers containing adamantyl and norbornyl moieties by reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer polymerization

The synthesis of statistical and block copolymers, consisting of monomers often used as resist materials in photolithography, using reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization is reported. Methacrylate and acrylate monomers with norbornyl and adamantyl moieties were polymerized using both dithioester and trithiocarbonate RAFT agents. Block copolymers containing such monomers were made with poly(methyl acrylate) and polystyrene macro‐RAFT agents. In addition to have the ability to control molecular weight, polydispersity, and allow block copolymer formation, the polymers made via RAFT polymerization required end‐group removal to avoid complications during the photolithography. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 943–951, 2010