Dipyrrin-based Complexes for Solution-processed Organic Solar Cells

Three dipyrrin-containing metal complexes and a boron dipyrromethene(BODIPY)-containing complex were designed and synthesized. The photophysical properties, electrochemical behaviours and photovoltaic performance were extensively investigated. Density functional theory calculations were also performed on those complexes. These complexes, together with electron-acceptor [6,6]-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester, were utilized for the fabrication of solution-processed bulk heterojunction solar cells as the electron-donor materials. The more efficient electron acceptor BODIPY segment renders a lower energy gap and a relatively better photovoltaic conversion efficiency of 0.58%. These results prove that BODIPY segment has a great potential for constructing efficient organic solar cell materials.     

Electroactive films of heme protein-coated multiwalled carbon nanotubes

A novel method for fabricating protein-MWNT films on pyrolytic graphite (PG) electrodes was described. Positively charged hemoglobin (Hb) or myoglobin (Mb) in buffers at pH 5.5 or 5.0 was first adsorbed on the surface of acid-pretreated, negatively charged multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) mainly by electrostatic interaction, forming a core-shell structure. The aqueous dispersion of protein-coated MWNTs was then cast on PG electrodes, forming protein-MWNT films after evaporation of solvent. The protein-MWNT films exhibited a pair of well-defined, quasi-reversible cyclic voltammetric peaks, characteristic of heme Fe(III)/Fe(II) redox couples. The protein films were characterized by voltammetry, UV-vis spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). This approach for assembly of protein-MWNT films showed higher surface concentration of electroactive proteins than the simple cast method, and the amount of proteins in the films could be controlled more precisely compared with the dipping method. Furthermore, the film assembly using this method was more stable than that using simple cast method. The proteins in MWNT films retained their near-native structure, and electrochemically catalyzed reduction of oxygen and hydrogen peroxide, suggesting the potential applicability of the films as the new type of biosensors or bioreactors based on direct electrochemistry of enzymes.     

Rapid phase extraction method based on the difference image between interferograms with unknown phase-shifting amount

In phase-shifting interferometry, based on the difference image between interferograms with unknown phase-shifting amount, a rapid phase extraction method is proposed. In this method, first, by means of the simple subtraction operation between interferograms captured in one phase-shifting period, a sequence of difference images are generated easily; second, to decrease the random phase-shifting errors induced during the phase-shifting procedure, the summation operation is performed for these difference images; third, based on one time phase recovery operation and one time phase-unwrapping operation, the measured phase with high precision can be obtained rapidly. Moreover, in the proposed method, by means of a simple phase summation operation for all pixel-phases in one interferogram, the corresponding phase-shifting amount of interferogram can be determined conveniently.     

时间相关单光子计数中几个基础问题

本文详细讨论了时间相关单光子计数技术中几个基本物理过程和数理统计原理,实际测量中要注意的几个问题和性能的基本估价。     

选择性激发技术在偶合常数精确测量中的应用

采用基于简单Gaussian软脉冲的选择性激发技术来获得自旋系统的一维反相磁化分裂峰,并结合J-Doubling方法来精确测量该分裂峰的J偶合常数,对于重叠分裂峰或者线宽大、偶合分裂小的谱峰的J偶合常数的精确测量,该方法尤其适合.     

镓(Ⅲ)-芦丁体系的吸附伏安行为及其应用于镓(Ⅲ)的测定

对镓（Ⅲ）－芦丁体系在悬汞电极上的吸附伏安法作了研究,确字电极过程。在ＰＨ５．０的ＨＡｃ－ＮａＡｃ缓冲底液中用该体系的１．５阶微分吸附伏安法测定镓,其线性范围是１＊１０＾－１０－１＊１０＾－７ｍｏｌ／Ｌ;检测限为７．５＊１０＾－１１ｍｏｌ／Ｌ。用此法测定了粮食中的镓。     

Stabilization of Palladium Nanoparticles on Nanodiamond–Graphene Core–Shell Supports for CO Oxidation

Nanodiamond–graphene core–shell materials have several unique properties compared with purely sp²‐bonded nanocarbons and perform remarkably well as metal‐free catalysts. In this work, we report that palladium nanoparticles supported on nanodiamond–graphene core–shell materials (Pd/ND@G) exhibit superior catalytic activity in CO oxidation compared to Pd NPs supported on an sp²‐bonded onion‐like carbon (Pd/OLC) material. Characterization revealed that the Pd NPs in Pd/ND@G have a special morphology with reduced crystallinity and are more stable towards sintering at high temperature than the Pd NPs in Pd/OLC. The electronic structure of Pd is changed in Pd/ND@G, resulting in weak CO chemisorption on the Pd NPs. Our work indicates that strong metal–support interactions can be achieved on a non‐reducible support, as exemplified for nanocarbon, by carefully tuning the surface structure of the support, thus providing a good example for designing a high‐performance nanostructured catalyst.     

手性石墨烯量子点与DNA相互作用及其机制研究

手性作为自然界最重要的特性之一,与生命活动息息相关.因此,手性纳米材料在材料学及生物学相关领域的研究引起了极大的关注.本工作提出了一种采用一步水热法合成手性石墨烯量子点的新方法.该方法以柠檬酸和L-色氨酸为原料进行手性石墨烯量子点的合成,通过圆二色光谱法证明了两种手性石墨烯量子点具有两个对称性高的手性信号,圆二色吸收峰分别位于230 nm和305 nm.通过荧光光谱法获取了它们与ctDNA相互作用的系列热力学参数,采用粘度测量、DNA熔链温度实验并结合多种谱学方法证明,手性石墨烯量子点与小牛胸腺DNA (ctDNA)之间的结合存在较大的手性差异.紫外-可见吸收光谱证明手性石墨烯量子点均能使ctDNA的吸收峰红移,并出现减色效应.手性石墨烯量子点提高了ctDNA的熔链温度,但降低了ctDNA的相对粘度.通过氢键和范德华力相互作用,手性石墨烯量子点均插入ctDNA的G-C碱基对中,这严重影响了ctDNA的右手B型螺旋结构.因空间位阻效应不同,右手性石墨烯量子点比左手性石墨烯量子点更容易与右手B型螺旋的ctDNA结合,且对ctDNA的右手B型螺旋结构产生显著的影响.这些结论阐明了手性石墨烯量...     

基于云存储的混合加密算法研究

近些年来,云存储技术得到了高速发展,对云存储的安全也提出了更高的要求。针对目前云存储的数据安全问题,通过对传统加密算法的研究与分析,提出了一种适合云存储的线性AES-ECC混合加密算法。算法综合了AES适应于大块数据加密且加解密速度快而ECC加密强度高的特点,使用交叉加密的方式,极大的提高了云存储的安全性,并从多个角度对算法进行了安全性分析。最后在Hadoop平台上用不同算法对多种文件类型进行加密、解密实验,并对比其加密解密时间。实验结果表明,算法在云存储中相比传统加密算法有显著优势。     

通过相移条纹图差分测定相移量的方法

提出一种通过两幅相移条纹图相减来确定它们之间相移量的方法,进行了理论分析和实验验证。两幅相移条纹图相减并归一化后,得到的相移差分函数是振幅只与相移量有关的正弦函数,可以通过确定该函数最大极值的方法得到振幅,进而计算出相移量。介绍了极值直接查找法和平均法两种实现最大极值测量的方法。由于不使用傅里叶变换,减少了运算时间,既可以用于高空间频率条纹,也可以用于稀疏平行条纹,以及任意花样的条纹。在衬比度因子确定后,用这种方法就能够直接在空域内确定两幅条纹图之间的相移量,通过大量采样点进行统计计算,使结果达到很高的精度。将所得到的结果与用傅里叶变换方法得到的结果进行了比较,表明两种方法得到的结果具有完全相同的精度。