Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopic study of 3,5-dithio-2,7-dimethyl-[1,2,4]-triazepine: qualitative analysis of tautomeric behaviour

Room temperature UV-vis absorption spectra of the tautomeric system 3,5-dithio-2,7-dimethyl-[1,2,4]-triazepine in solution, in acetonitrile (CH3CN), are measured at different water volume percentages. The comparison of the obtained measures to the calculated allowed absorption transitions, using ZINDO/S package, reveals the coexistence of all the tautomeric forms in aprotic polar solution with a high dominance of the dithione form. The solute-water hydrogen bond, which seems to be of 1:n-type, favours the dithiol and monothiol conformers to the detriment of the dithione one. Further experimental investigations lead to the result that standing at ambient Laboratory conditions in the dark favours the dithione tautomeric isomer, while standing at indirect sunlight shifts the tautomeric equilibrium away from this species.     

Multiscale study of cold-rolling deformation on mechanical and corrosion behaviors of AA2024-T4 aluminum alloy

This study has been conducted to investigate the effects of plastic deformation of an AA2024 aluminium alloy by cold rolling to 25%, 50% and 75% and then heat-treating and naturally ageing for 20 days to T4 on the microstructure and the electrochemical behavior. To characterize the microstructural modifications different techniques have been applied such as X-ray Diffraction (XRD) to demonstrate the intermetallic phases formed, Optical Microscopy (OM) and Scanning Electronic Microscopy (SEM) to evaluate their microstructures and grain size. Moreover, the surface topography has been measured to establish the roughness effect on the mechanical response when subjected to tensile, fatigue and micro-indentation tests. The corrosion behaviour was evaluated by Potentiodynamic Polarization Scanning, Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS). The results revealed that cold-rolled samples with 50% plastic deformation show a smoother topography and exhibit the best compromise between mechanical and corrosion resistance.     

Synthesis of new spiro‐[isothiochromene‐3,5′‐isoxazolidin]‐4(1H)‐ones

A series of seven new 2′,3′,4′‐substituted spiro[isothiochromene‐3,5′‐isoxazolidin]‐4(1H)‐ones ( 7‐13 ) has been prepared in the reaction of benzylidene(phenyl)azane oxide ( 5 ) or benzylidene(methyl)azane oxide ( 6 ) with (3Z)‐3‐(4‐substituted‐benzylidene)‐1H‐isothio‐ chromen‐4(3H)‐one ( 1‐4 ). The reaction occurs by a 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition mechanism that leads to the regiospecific formation of various spiroisoxazolidines ( 7‐13 ).     

Compactness properties of operators dominated by AM-compact operators

We study several properties about the problem of domination in the class of positive AM-compact operators, and we obtain some interesting consequences on positive compact operators. Also, we give a sufficient condition under which a Banach lattice is discrete.

     

Magnesium doping in InAlAs and InGaAs/Mg films lattice-matched to InP grown by MOVPE

Mg-doped InAlAs and InGaAs films were grown at 560 °C lattice matched to InP semi-insulting substrate by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE) under various Cp₂Mg flow conditions. Hall effect, photoluminescence (PL), high-resolution X-ray diffraction (HR-XRD), and secondary ion mass (SIMS) were the tools used in this work. The crystalline quality and the n-p conversion of the InAlAs and InGaAs/Mg films are described and discussed in relation to the Cp₂Mg flow. Distinguishing triple emission peaks in PL spectra is observed and seems to be strongly dependent on the Cp₂Mg flow. SIMS is employed to analyze the elements in the epitaxial layers. The variation of indium and magnesium components indicates a decrease of magnesium incorporation during the growth of InAlAs layers leading to a contracted lattice. In addition, the magnesium incorporation in the InGaAs lattice during growth has been confirmed by SIMS.     

Palladium nanoparticles supported on mesoporous natural phosphate: An efficient recyclable catalyst for nitroarene reduction

We report the preparation of palladium nanoparticles supported on mesoporous natural phosphate (Pd@NP) using a wetness impregnation method. The prepared catalyst was characterized using various techniques. Furthermore, the reduction and preparation of the palladium nanoparticles was followed using UV–visible spectra. Based on the Scherrer equation, the crystallite size of the as‐synthesized palladium nanoparticles was 10.88 nm. The performance of the synthesized catalyst was investigated in the reduction of 4‐nitrophenol as a model substrate to 4‐aminophenol using NaBH₄ as a hydrogen source. Moreover, catalytic reduction of various nitroarenes was studied and monitored using UV–visible spectroscopy and gas chromatography. The Pd@NP catalyst showed a high activity for the selected reaction and could be recycled.     

A 3D state-space solution for free-vibration analysis of a radially polarized laminated piezoelectric cylinder filled with fluid

This paper presents a three-dimensional exact mixed state-space solution for the free-vibration analysis of simply-supported arbitrarily thick laminated piezoceramic hollow cylinders completely filled with fluid. The piezoelectric layers of the laminated cylinder are supposed to be polarized in the radial direction and the fluid is considered inviscid and compressible. This exact solution and the corresponding results can be used to develop accurate piezoelectric shell finite elements, and to investigate the effects of various parameters on the natural frequencies and mode shapes of the fluid/piezoelectric-structure coupled system.     

Calix[4]Resorcinarene Macrocycles Interactions with Cd2+, Hg2+, Pb2+, and Cu2+ Cations: A QCM‐I and Langmuir Ultra‐thin Monolayers Study

Stable ultra‐thin Langmuir monolayers of calix[4]resorcinarene derivatives, namely: C‐dec‐9‐enylcalix[4]resorcinarene‐O‐(R+)‐α‐methylbenzylamine (Ionophore I ), and C‐dec‐9‐enylcalix[4]resorcinarene‐O‐(S‐)‐α‐methylbenzylamine (Ionophore II ), were prepared at the air‐water interface. Their interactions with a series of heavy metals (HM) ions (Cu²⁺, Pb²⁺, Hg²⁺ and Cd²⁺) present in the aqueous subphase were investigated by measuring surface pressure‐area isotherms, at different concentrations. The surface pressure‐area (Π‐A) isotherms were stable and demonstrated the HM amounts influence on the limiting area (A_lim) values, therefore confirming the examined macrocycles capability to host the metallic toxicants. Additionally, a HM concentration dependence was realized and interpreted by a selective tendency of both ionophores towards Cu²⁺ and Cd²⁺ ions over Pb²⁺ and Hg²⁺, especially at high concentrations. The HM ions interactions with the applied calix[4]resorcinarene Langmuir ultra‐thin monolayers were interpreted based on the Gibbs‐Shishkovsky adsorption equation. Moreover, quartz crystal microbalance with impedance measurement (QCM‐I), was applied for the detection of HM ions in solutions. The QCM‐I results showed the effectiveness of the coated QCM‐I crystals in detecting the ions at different concentrations. The detection limit values were in the order of 0.16, 0.3, 0.65, 1.1 ppm (Ionophore I), as well 0.11, 0.45, 0.2, 0.89 (Ionophore II) for the Cu²⁺, Pb²⁺, Hg²⁺ and Cd²⁺ cations, respectively. Additionally, a selective tendency of both ionophores towards copper ions was shown.     

Characterization of stationary phases based on monosubstituted benzene retention indices using correspondence factor analysis and linear solvation energy relationships in RPLC

In reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC), the comparison of experimental results obtained from different columns is a complex problem. A correspondence factor analysis (CFA) and a linear solvation energy relationship (LSER) were applied on retention data to characterize second-order intermolecular interactions responsible for retention on a set of RPLC columns. Seven octadecyl-C₁₈ columns with different packing materials are obtained from different manufacturers and one octyl-C₈ column. The retention data were determined under isocratic conditions using a methanol–water (65:35, v/v) mobile phase. The chromatographic retention indices based on alkan-2-ones and alkyl aryl ketones retention index scales are calculated using a multiparametric least-squares regressions iterative method. The CFA and LSER results permitted to highlight that the retention indices were appropriate for studying the second-order retention mechanisms on the eight chromatographic systems investigated and exhibited the best reproducibility. Although many earlier studies have reported the use of chemometric methods to characterize chemical factors affecting retention in RPLC using retention factors as retention parameters, this is the first study based on retention indices.