Nanotechnology in the Chemical Industry – Opportunities and Challenges

The traditional chemical industry has become a largely mature industry with many commodity products based on established technologies. Therefore, new product and market opportunities will more likely come from speciality chemicals, and from new functionalities obtained from new processing technologies as well as new microstructure control methodologies. It is a well-known fact that in addition to its molecular structure, the microstructure of a material is key to determining its properties. Controlling structures at the micro- and nano-levels is therefore essential to new discoveries. For this article, we define nanotechnology as the controlled manipulation of nanomaterials with at least one dimension less than 100nm. Nanotechnology is emerging as one of the principal areas of investigation that is integrating chemistry and materials science, and in some cases integrating these with biology to create new and yet undiscovered properties that can be exploited to gain new market opportunities. In this article market opportunities for nanotechnology will be presented from an industrial perspective covering electronic, biomedical, performance materials, and consumer products. Manufacturing technology challenges will be identified, including operations ranging from particle formation, coating, dispersion, to characterization, modeling, and simulation. Finally, a nanotechnology innovation roadmap is proposed wherein the interplay between the development of nanoscale building blocks, product design, process design, and value chain integration is identified. A suggestion is made for an R&D model combining market pull and technology push as a way to quickly exploit the advantages in nanotechnology and translate these into customer benefits.     

Naphthalimide-thiazoles as novel photonucleases: molecular design, synthesis, and evaluation

A new family of photonucleases, naphthalimide-thiazoles was synthesized and evaluated. These compounds intercalated into DNA efficiently and damaged DNA photochemically at concentrations as low as 5 μM. Mechanistic experiment suggests that a novel naphthalimide-thiazole radical produced via an excited triple state might be involved in the DNA photodamage. Different activity may arise from the impact of substituents at 2-phenyl ring of thiazole on the electron population of excited triple state according to AM1 semi-empirical calculation.     

一种小波域音频信息隐藏方法

提出了一种基于量化的小波域音频隐藏算法，将保密语音隐藏到载体音频中．为提高隐藏重和保密语音传输的安全性，对保密语音进行了小波域压缩编码和m序列的扩频调制，生成待隐藏的比特序列；通过量化方法，将编码和调制后的保密语音隐藏到载体音频的小波系数中；保密语音的恢复过程不需要使用原始音频、仿真结果表明，隐藏有保密语音的载体音频听觉质量没有明显下降，提取的保密语音感知质量较好；该算法对重量化、加噪、低通滤波等攻击均有良好的鲁棒性．     

一类流行病数学模型解的研究

该文讨论了一类非线性抛物型方程组解的性质，利用微分方程上、下解方法证明了初值适当小时，方程存在整体解；初值适当大时，解在有限时间上爆破，推广了文献[1]的结果．     

Acyl chloride‐facilitated condensation polymerization for the synthesis of heat‐sensitive poly(anhydride‐ester)s

We succeeded in developing the acyl chloride‐facilitated condensation polymerization method for the synthesis of new poly(anhydride‐ester)s with aromatic side groups, which cannot be polymerized by the classic melt condensation polymerization method. Using chlorinated and acylated carboxylic acids as the intermediates, the polymerization was carried out at low temperatures of 120 or 135 °C to yield pure poly(anhydride‐ester)s of molecular weights as high as 1.55 × 10⁵ with minimal side‐reactions. A homogeneous route of preparation was developed and optimized, using butyric anhydride as the acylating reagent and oxalyl chloride as the chlorinating reagent. A comparison of the mechanisms of the classic method and the new method indicates that the effects of transacylation—cyclization and oligomer formation—were greatly reduced due to the high reactivity of carboxylic acid chloride and the steric effect of bulky acyl groups. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 5899–5915, 2007     

Photoluminescent properties and Raman spectra of ZnO-based scintillating glasses

Glasses in SiO₂–ZnO–BaO system with the different ZnO/BaO ratio were studied. In some cases, BaF₂ was introduced to substitute for BaO on the equal base. Photoluminescent spectra showed that ZnO in glass matrices behaved somewhat differently from ZnO crystals. Especially, the introduction of fluorine ions led to dramatic shift of UV emission band of glasses closer to that of ZnO crystals. Raman spectral analysis provided consistent results. In particular, Raman bands in the high frequency region are sensitive to effects of different ZnO/BaO or BaF₂/BaO ratio on structure of glasses.     

Structural hierarchy of rock masses and the mechanisms of its formation

The formation mechanisms for the structural hierarchy in geological media are discussed. It is shown that the formation of such a hierarchy is caused by certain external and internal circumstances. The first ones consist in the fact that, because of external actions, the Earth’s poles continuously execute the translational and rotational motions responsible for a regular structure of rock fracture and for the appearance of the scale factor √2. The second ones consist in the fact that, under the action of many random factors and because of external actions, during the formation of geological media there appear dissipative structures and, hence, some self-similar fractal structures are formed.     

组合DEA方法与成熟度模型对项目效益的评价

为全面考虑资金、管理决策能力等因素对项目效益的影响，本运用数据包络分析与项目成熟度模型结合的方法来对企业各个项目之间的相对效益进行评价，应用结果表明该评价方法对于企业资源的最优配置、提高总体效益是十分有用的。     

Study on the Reaction of Benzimidazolium Salt with Amine Compounds

The addition-hydrolysis reaction of benzimidazolium salt with some mono- and bifunctional amine nucleophiles is reported,and a novel method of biomimetic synthesis for formamides and heterocycle compounds is provided.     

二次阳极氧化方法制备有序多孔氧化铝膜

通过二次阳极氧化方法制备多孔氧化铝膜与一次阳极氧化方法制备多孔氧化铝膜孔排布规律性的对比 ,结果发现 ,二次阳极氧化方法制取的多孔氧化铝膜孔排布规律性明显好于一次阳极氧化法制取的多孔膜 .在几个微米范围内 ,孔呈理想的六角排布 .去除一次阳极氧化膜后 ,二次阳极氧化得以在更良好的表面进行 ,制取的氧化铝膜孔规律性和有序度更高 .有序区域的尺寸与晶粒内的亚晶大小有一定关系