Ethanol synthesis from syngas on Mn- and Fe-promoted Rh/γ-Al2O3

The catalytic hydrogenation of CO was studied over Mn- and/or Fe-promoted Rh/γ-Al₂O₃ catalysts. The catalysts were characterized by means of XRD, BET, H₂-TPR·H₂-TPD, XPS and DRIFTS. CO hydrogenation results showed that the doubly Mn- and Fe-promoted Rh/γ-Al₂O₃ catalysts exhibited superior catalytic activity and better ethanol selectivity. The DRIFTS results showed that Mn promoter stabilized the adsorbed CO on Rh⁺ and Fe stabilized adsorbed CO on Rh⁺ and Rh⁰, especially Rh⁰. The fact that doubly Mn- and Fe-promoted Rh/γ-Al₂O₃ owned more (Rhx⁰–Rhy⁺)–O–Fe³⁺·(Fe²⁺) active species was proposed to be a crucial factor accounting for its higher ethanol selectivity.     

Sin-QuEChERS净化-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定鱼肉中8种喹诺酮类药物残留量北大核心CSCD

将粉碎后的鱼肉样品2.00 g置于50 mL离心管中,加入100μg·L^(-1)内标溶液200μL和水5 mL,涡旋1 min后,用含5%(体积分数)乙酸的乙腈溶液10 mL超声提取10 min,加盐包(6 g无水硫酸镁、1.5 g氯化钠)使水相和乙腈相进行分层.涡旋、离心后,使用Sin-QuEChERS快速滤过柱直接插入离心管内,待提取液透过净化层上升至净化柱内时,移取5 mL提取液置于15 mL离心管内,加入体积比1∶1的乙腈-正己烷混合液5 mL,混匀静置,取上层正己烷层涡旋,离心,于40℃氮气吹至近干,用0.2%(体积分数)甲酸溶液定容至1 mL,过滤后上机UHPLC-MS/MS,在多反应监测模式下测定8种喹诺酮类药物的残留量.结果显示:该净化方法溶剂消耗降低至10 mL,前处理时间缩短至20~25 min.环丙沙星、培氟沙星、诺氟沙星、二氟沙星和达氟沙星标准曲线的线性范围均为1.00~500.0μg·L^(-1),检出限(3S/N)均为1.0μg·kg^(-1);氧氟沙星、恩诺沙星和沙拉沙星标准曲线的线性范围为0.50~500.0μg·L^(-1),检出限(3S/N)均为0.5μg·kg^(-1).用此法平行测定同一样品7次,测定值的相对标准偏差为1.3%~6.3%.按标准加入法进行回收试验,回收率为92.0%~108%.此法用于抽检兰州4家超市的3种鱼类,8种喹诺酮类药物均未检出,说明兰州市的鱼类食品中的药物残留问题相对安全.同时,与国家农业部1077号公告-1-2008中方法进行比对,测定结果基本一致.     

四种无机纳米颗粒对塑料抗紫外性能的研究进展

无机纳米颗粒在塑料抗紫外的研究中一直备受关注,主要介绍了四种(TiO₂、ZnO、SiO₂、CeO₂)典型的无机纳米颗粒在该领域的应用。首先归纳了其既能吸收又能反射或散射紫外线的抗紫外机理;其次,分别论述了不同无机纳米颗粒适用的紫外光波长范围,以在塑料中的添加方法和应用特点为主线,重点介绍了国内外四种无机纳米颗粒在塑料抗紫外性能中的研究现状和进展;最后,将四种无机纳米颗粒在塑料抗紫外性能中的应用特点进行了对比,提出了应用过程中存在的分散和相容性差等问题,以期为无机纳米颗粒的深入应用和发展提供一定的参考。     

保健食品中西地那非化学发光免疫分析方法研究

针对保健食品中西地那非药物的非法添加问题,该研究采用辣根过氧化物酶（HRP）与鲁米诺为信号输出系统,结合直接竞争模式探索了保健食品中西地那非的直接竞争化学发光酶免疫分析方法。基于特异性多克隆抗体,通过逐步优化策略,确定最佳免疫分析条件为：包被原质量浓度为41.67 ng/mL,酶标抗体质量浓度为1.25 μg/mL,封闭液和洗涤液的吐温－20含量为0.05%,稀释液的甲醇添加量为5%,竞争反应时间为40 min。在该条件下,建立了西地那非的直接竞争化学发光免疫分析方法,该方法对西地那非的半抑制浓度（IC50）为0.17 ng/mL,线性检测范围（IC20～IC80）为0.024 ~ 1.21 ng/mL,检出限（IC10,LOD）为0.008 ng/mL。与他达那非等功能类似物无显著交叉;西地那非样品的加标回收率为82.0%～114%,相对标准偏差均小于15%。盲样检测结果与HPLC－MS/MS确证方法具有良好一致性,说明该方法准确可靠,适用于样品中西地那非的快速筛查。     

高碳铬铁在氢氧化钠水溶液中电化学氧化过程

铬铁电化学氧化法是一种新的制备铬酸钠的方法,然而高碳铬铁在NaOH水溶液中的电化学氧化过程尚不明确。 采用循环伏安法(CV)、稳态极化法(LSV)等电化学测试方法对金属铬、高碳铬铁在NaOH水溶液中的电化学氧化过程进行研究,通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能量散射谱(EDS)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)对高碳铬铁电解后固相产物表征,判断固相产物的组成。 结果表明,高碳铬铁不同于金属铬的电氧化过程,它在NaOH溶液中通过Cr(0)→Cr(Ⅵ)的电氧化方式生成铬酸钠,中间产物Cr(OH)₃和Fe(0)发生电化学反应生成稳定的FeCr₂O₄。 随着NaOH浓度的增加,电势较低时,受高碳铬铁中Fe(0)的影响,高碳铬铁容易在NaOH水溶液中发生钝化;当电势足够正时,钝化膜溶解,生成铬酸钠、氢氧化铁和亚铬酸亚铁,同时,阳极表面有氧气析出。 高碳铬铁电化学氧化制备铬酸钠的适宜条件:碱浓度≥2 mol/L,阳极电势≥1.6 V(vs.SCE)。     

CRISPR-Cas System for RNA Detection and Imaging

The system of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)and CRISPR-associated endonucleases(Cas)have been widely used in gene editing,disease treatment,molecular diagnosis and chromosome imaging.On account of the programmable target recognition of CRISPR-Cas system and the specific targeting function toward RNA of type Ⅵ class Ⅱ Cas proteins,CRISPR-Cas system has been deployed as RNA recognition and detection tools,exhibiting promising application potentials in the field of RNA detection and imaging.In this review,we summarize the latest research progresses as well as development prospects of CRISPR-Cas system in RNA diagnosis and live cell RNA imaging.     

Influence of the molding angle on tensile properties of FDM parts with orthogonal layering

Fused deposition molding (FDM) is one of the most widely used three‐dimensional (3D) printing technologies. This paper explores the influence of the forming angle on the tensile properties of FDM specimens. Orthogonal layering details were studied through experiments, theory, and finite element simulations. The stiffness and strength of the specimens were analyzed using the classical laminated plate theory and the Tsai–Wu failure criterion. The experimental process was simulated using finite element simulations. Results show that it is feasible to predict the stiffness and strength of FDM specimens using classical laminated plate theory and the Tsai–Wu failure criterion. A molding angle of 45° leads to specimens with maximized tensile properties. Numerical simulations show that changing the molding angle changes the internal stress and deformation fields inside samples, leading to FDM samples with different mechanical properties due to the orthogonal layers at different molding angles.     

Tuning the mechanical properties and degradation properties of polydioxanone isothermal annealing

Polydioxanone (PPDO) is synthesized by ring-opening polymerization of p-dioxanone, using stannous octoate as the catalyst. The polarized optical micrograph (POM) shows thes pherulite growth rate of PPDO decreases with an increase in the isothermal crystallization temperature. PPDO is compression-molded into bars, and PPDO bars are subjected to isothermal annealing at a range of temperatures (Ta = 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, and 100 °C), and correspond to three different annealing times (ta = 1h, 2h, 3h). The effect on PPDO is investigated by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). With an increase in Ta and ta, the grain size and the degree of crystallinity also increase. Meanwhile, the tensile strength is significantly improved. The PPDO bars (90 °C, 2 h) reach the maximum crystallinity (57.21%) and the maximum tensile strength (41.1 MPa). Interestingly, the heat treatment process does not result in serious thermal degradation. It is observed that the hydrolytic degradation of the annealed PPDO is delayed to some extent. Thus, annealed PPDO might have potential applications, particularly in the fields of orthopedic fixation and tissue engineering.     

化学综合测试平台在化学创新型人才培养中的作用

科研平台在创新型人才培养中有重要的支撑和保障作用,通过课程建设、平台资源整合和开放共享、技术培训、学生直接参与科研活动等方式,探索了测试平台为学院本科创新型人才培养发挥更多作用的路径。充分利用测试平台的资源优势,为人才培养发挥更多作用,对于提升学生观察、分析和解决问题的能力,以及培养学生的科研思维具有重要的促进作用。     

激光对远距离运动目标的辐照性能研究

研究激光对远距离运动目标的辐照功率在激光通信、激光破坏等领域具有重要意义。一般估算辐照功率时常忽略目标的随机运动。在考虑目标的随机运动概率密度分布的基础上,建立了远距离运动目标的精确激光辐照功率模型,并与辐照静止目标时的情形进行了定量的分析比较。辐照运动目标等效于扩大的激光束辐照静止目标。当系统的瞄准方差小于由模型计算出的等效静止方差极限时,可将目标看作为静止状态,由此带来的辐照功率估算误差小于10%,否则在计算时必须考虑目标的运动状态。