一种吸油烟机声品质满意度分级限值评定方法

声品质作为一种描述吸油烟机噪声听觉感知特性的手段已经被行业所接受,团体标准T/CAS 341–2019《吸油烟机噪声声品质测试方法》给出了吸油烟机声品质测试与建模方法,同时通过声品质指数给出了声品质的数值化表达.该标准为各厂商定量描述声品质提供了依据,但目前仍缺乏对产品声品质满意度级别的划分方法,这不利于声品质技术的推...     

氨对硅基铁纳米薄膜高温重凝核的影响

采用弧过滤离子沉积系统（arc filtered deposition,AFD）在纯硅表面制备铁纳米薄膜。研究了750℃下铁纳米薄膜在氢气氛围以及氨气氛围中重凝核的规律。研究表明,在氢气氛围中,铁纳米薄膜重凝核以后形成的铁纳米颗粒随薄膜的厚度增加以及保温时间的延长而增大;但在氨气氛围中,铁纳米薄膜重凝核后形成的纳米颗粒的尺寸随保温时间的变化更为复杂：在氨气作用的初始阶段,铁颗粒的尺寸随氨气作用时间的延长而逐渐变大,但一段时间以后,铁颗粒的尺寸又随氨气作用时间的延长而变小,直到铁颗粒平均直径达到一个最小值（大约在氨气介入后的12min）,随后铁颗粒的尺寸又逐渐变大,并最终达到一稳定值。     

Transition-metal-free synthesis of 1,4-benzoxazepines via [4+3]-cycloaddition of para-quinone methides with azaoxyallyl cations

A formal[4+3]-cycloaddition reaction of ortho-hydroxyphenyl-substituted para-quinone methides(p-QMs)with in-situ generated azaoxyallyl cations is reported.The reaction occurs under very mild reaction conditions(transition-metal free,room temperature,cheap inorganic base)and provides a very efficient route to a series of biologically important 1,4-benzoxazepine derivatives in good to excellent yields.     

LBO晶体超光滑表面抛光机理

胶体SiO2抛光LBO晶体获得无损伤的超光滑表面,结合前人对抛光机理的认识,探讨了超光滑表面抛光的材料去除机理,分析了化学机械抛光中的原子级材料去除机理.在此基础上,对胶体SiO2抛光LBO晶体表面材料去除机理和超光滑表面的形成进行了详细的描述,研究抛光液的pH值与材料去除率和表面粗糙度的关系.LBO晶体超光滑表面抛光的材料去除机理是抛光液与晶体表面的活泼原子层发生化学反应形成过渡的软质层,软质层在磨料和抛光盘的作用下很容易被无损伤的去除.酸性条件下,随抛光液pH值的减小抛光材料的去除率增大;抛光液pH值为4时,获得最好的表面粗糙度.     

燃烧剂对低温燃烧合成Pr-CeO2粉体结构与性能的影响

以乙酸铵和柠檬酸为燃烧剂,Ce(NO3)3·6H2O和Pr6O11为主要原料,采用低温燃烧法(LCS)制备了Ce0.95Pr0.5O2纳米晶粉体.用DSC、XRD、SEM及色度测试等手段研究了Ce0.95Pr0.5O2纳米晶微粒前驱体的着火温度、产物晶体结构、晶体形貌及色度.结果表明:乙酸铵和柠檬酸作为燃烧剂的反应前驱体着火温度分别在250℃和300℃左右.两种燃烧产物均为单一的萤石型固溶体.与柠檬酸相比,乙酸铵作为燃烧剂得到的燃烧产物结晶程度更完善、Pr离子进入CeO2晶格的含量更多、呈色更好,且颗粒的团聚程度变小.根据Scherrer公式计算,用两种燃烧剂制备产物的平均晶粒尺寸分别为20～30 nm和10～15 nm,为纳米晶颗粒.最后得到Ce0.95Pr0.5O2粉体的颗粒尺寸则在200～300 nm之间.乙酸铵与硝酸铈的最佳摩尔配比为2:1,柠檬酸与硝酸铈的最佳摩尔配比为3:1.     

Cu3N薄膜及其研究现状

Cu3N薄膜是近10年来研究的热点材料之一.Cu3N是立方反ReO3结构,理想立方反ReO3结构的一个晶胞中Cu原子占据立方边的中心位置而N原子占据立方晶胞的八个顶点,此结构的体心位置有一较大间隙,Cu原子以及其他原子如Pd、碱金属原子等很有可能进入此位置导致Cu3N的电学性能、光学性能等发生很大的变化,这使得该材料具有很大的潜在应用价值.Cu3N的晶格常数为0.3815nm,密度5.84g/cm3,分子量204.63,颜色呈黑绿色或红褐色,空间点群Pm3m.Cu3N薄膜在室温下相当稳定并且热分解温度较低(300℃左右),热分解前后薄膜的光学反射率有较大差别,这可使Cu3N薄膜用作一次性光记录材料.此外,Cu3N薄膜还可用作在Si片上沉积金属Cu线的缓冲层、低磁阻隧道结的阻挡层、自组装材料的模板等.     

An unexpected all-metal aromatic tetranuclear silver cluster in human copper chaperone Atox1

Metal clusters, such as iron–sulfur clusters, play key roles in sustaining life and are intimately involved in the functions of metalloproteins. Herein we report the formation and crystal structure of a planar square tetranuclear silver cluster when silver ions were mixed with human copper chaperone Atox1. Quantum chemical studies reveal that two Ag 5s¹ electrons in the tetranuclear silver cluster fully occupy the one bonding molecular orbital, with the assumption that this Ag₄ cluster is Ag₄²⁺, leading to extensive electron delocalization over the planar square and significant stabilization. This bonding pattern of the tetranuclear silver cluster represents an aromatic all-metal structure that follows a 4n + 2 electron counting rule (n = 0). This is the first time an all-metal aromatic silver cluster was observed in a protein.

Metal clusters, such as iron–sulfur clusters, play key roles in sustaining life and are intimately involved in the functions of metalloproteins.     

Reaction dynamics studied via femtosecond X-ray liquidography at X-ray free-electron lasers

X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) provide femtosecond X-ray pulses suitable for pump–probe time-resolved studies with a femtosecond time resolution. Since the advent of the first XFEL in 2009, recent years have witnessed a great number of applications with various pump–probe techniques at XFELs. Among these, time-resolved X-ray liquidography (TRXL) is a powerful method for visualizing structural dynamics in the liquid solution phase. Here, we classify various chemical and biological molecular systems studied via femtosecond TRXL (fs-TRXL) at XFELs, depending on the focus of the studied process, into (i) bond cleavage and formation, (ii) charge distribution and electron transfer, (iii) orientational dynamics, (iv) solvation dynamics, (v) coherent nuclear wavepacket dynamics, and (vi) protein structural dynamics, and provide a brief review on each category. We also lay out a plausible roadmap for future fs-TRXL studies for areas that have not been explored yet.

Femtosecond X-ray liquidography using X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) visualizes various aspects of reaction dynamics.     

Decomposition Reaction of Zn-MPA（3-Mercaptopropionic Acid） Complex Under Microwave Irradiation

The thermal decomposition of Zn-MPA complex was investigated under microwave irradiation. ZnO and ZnS nanocrystals could be obtained by decomposing Zn-MPA（3-mercaptopropionic acid） complex under different reaction conditions. It was found that both the pH value of the solution and the molar ratio of Zn2＋ and MPA can play an important role in the formation of ZnO and ZnS nanocrystals. MPA mainly acts as an S source or as a complexing agent. This study provides a new route for the controllable preparation of semiconductor nanocrystals.     

基于长光程技术的痕量海水营养盐自动分析仪的设计与测试

海水中可溶性的营养盐浓度是海洋监测的常规项目之一;大洋水体中的营养盐含量很低,使用传统的分光光度计难于定量测量。文章基于液芯波导长光程技术,设计了高灵敏度的痕量海水营养盐光谱分析仪。分析仪以1.02 nm的光谱分辨率实现350～900 nm光谱范围的水样吸光度连续光谱测量,并由嵌入式PC104微机自动实现了水样采集、吸光度测量和数据分析的功能。针对亚硝酸盐的测试实验结果表明,仪器检出限达到nmol·L-1的量级,比传统分光光度计的检测限提高了三个量级,且显色反应时间可缩短到3 min,能适用于大洋水体中营养盐的现场痕量分析。