Dihydropyridine-based MCRs. New reaction pathways in the interaction with ethyl glyoxalate and non-aromatic amines

The Lewis acid-catalyzed interaction of dihydropyridines with ethyl glyoxalate and primary aliphatic amines yields, depending on the reaction conditions, bicyclic aminals or rearranged tetrahydropyridines in one-pot multicomponent reactions.     

Equilibrated thermodesorption studies of adsorption of n-hexane and n-heptane on zeolites Y, ZSM-5 and ZSM-11

Gravimetric measurements of thermodesorption of n-hexane and n-heptane were performed under quasi-equilibrium conditions. Differential thermodesorption profiles for ZSM-5 and ZSM-11 showed two peaks, but for Y zeolites, only one thermodesorption peak was observed. A model function, derived from the Langmiur adsorption model, was fitted to the experimental data, and the model parameters (the adsorption entropy and enthalpy) were estimated. The two-step desorption profiles observed for ZSM-5 and ZSM-11 were attributed to the commensurate freezing effect, i.e. a transition in the adsorbed phase resulting in ordering of the adsorbed molecules in the zeolite channels. The results observed for ZSM-11 indicate that the zigzag channels typical for ZSM-5 micropore system are not necessary for this transition to occur.     

Characterization of Cds clusters in zeolite-A grown in alkaline solution

CdS clusters were synthesized in A type zeolite by reaction in alkaline aqueous solution at temperatures from 30 to 70 °C. The optical properties of the samples were studied by diffuse reflectance and photoluminescence spectroscopy. Their crystalline structure and morphology were studied by X-ray diffraction and by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. We found that at lower temperatures the CdS clusters are encapsulated in the zeolite cages. We compared the properties of these clusters with those encapsulated in the cages of zeolites X and Y, prepared by similar methods. CdS clusters smaller than the CdS exciton diameter are also formed outside the cages in the zeolite matrix. The size of these clusters increases with temperature producing a red-shift of the absorption edge in the optical absorption spectra.     

Limits of tangents and minimality of complex links

We show that the complex link of a large class of space germs (X,x₀) is characterized by its “simplicity”, among the Milnor fibres of functions with isolated singularity on X. This amounts to the minimality of the Milnor number, whenever this number is defined. Such a phenomenon has been first pointed out in case (X,x₀) is an isolated hypersurface singularity, by Teissier (Cycles évanescents, sections planes et conditions de Whitney, in: Singularités à Cargèse 1972, Asterisque, Nos. 7 et 8, Soc. Math. France, Paris, 1973, pp. 285-362).     

Photo-induced effect in the layered perovskite manganite La<Subscript>1.2</Subscript>Sr<Subscript>1.8</Subscript>Mn<Subscript>1.8</Subscript>Co<Subscript>0.2</Subscript>O<Subscript>7</Subscript>

It is helpful to study the photo-induced effect in the perovskite manganites not only for elucidating the mechanism of colossal magnetoresistance (CMR) effect but also for potential applications in technology. The laser-induced effect in the Co doping layered perovskite manganites La_1.2Sr_1.8Mn_1.8Co_0.2O₇, is studied in this paper and the obtained results are also compared with that gained in the Nd-doping manganites with cubic perovskite structure.     

The effect of hydrostatic pressure on the ferroelectric phase transition in [NH2(CH3)2]3[Sb2Cl9]

The effect of hydrostatic pressure on the ferroelectric phase transition temperature in [NH₂(CH₃)₂]₃[Sb₂Cl₉] (DMACA) has been studied by electric permittivity measurements at pressures up to 400 MPa. The pressure-temperature phase diagram is given. The phase transition temperature (T_c) increases with increasing pressure up to 150 MPa, passes through a maximum and then decreases with a further increase of pressure. The unexpected nonlinear decrease in T_c with pressure increasing above 150 MPa suggests that the mechanism of ferroelectric phase transition in DMACA is different from hitherto assumed.     

Contractibility of Efficient Frontier of Simply Shaded Sets

In finite dimensional Euclidean space, we prove the contractibility of the efficient frontier of simply shaded sets. This work extends the result of Peleg [7], which confirms the contractibility of the efficient frontier in the convex case.     

Fracture strength of class II slot cavities restored with polymerizable restorative materials

This study compared the fracture strength of Class II slot cavities restored with polymerizable restorative materials. Sixty, caries-free, posterior teeth were divided into five groups of 12 teeth. The Class II slot cavities were prepared. The teeth were restored with two packable composites (Filtek P60, Surefil), a microhybrid composite (Filtek Z250)and two ormocer (Definite, Admira). The restorations were then subjected to fracture resistance tests. The marginal ridges of the restorations were loaded at an angle of 13.5° to the long axis of the tooth in an Universal Testing Machine until failure. Analysis of mean forces indicated that, Filtek P60, Surefil and Filtek Z250 exhibited better performance than Definite and Admira. The tested resin composites differed in their mechanical properties. This study suggested that fracture behavior were highly influenced by the filler system. Overall, Filtek P60, Surefil, Filtek Z250, demonstrated good fracture resistance. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

On norms of composition operators acting on Bergman spaces

For arbitrary composition operators acting on a general Bergman space we improve the known lower bound for the norm and also generalize a related recent theorem of D.G. Pokorny and J.E. Shapiro. Next, we obtain a geometric formula for the norms of composition operators with linear fractional symbols, thus extending a result of C. Cowen and P. Hurst and revealing the meaning of their computation. Finally, we obtain a lower bound for essential norm of an arbitrary composition operator related to the well-known criterion of B. MacCluer and J.H. Shapiro. As a corollary, norms and essential norms are obtained for certain univalently induced noncompact composition operators in terms of the minimum of the angular derivative of the symbol.