Reaction of methyl bromopropiolate with diamines as a method of synthesis of imidazolidine derivatives

A convenient method of synthesis of 2-(methoxycarbonylmethylene)-substituted imidazolidines and imidazolidinium bromides, and also of bicyclic diazo compounds has been developed starting from methyl bromopropiolate and ethylenediamine and its derivatives.Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 9, pp. 1205–1208, September, 1991.     

A Recursive Algorithm for Order Cycle-time that Minimizes Logistics Cost

A firm's logistics cost, including shipping and inventory-carrying, is a substantial percentage of its sales. Nevertheless, typical inventory-control methods ignore or insufficiently represent the shipping cost. This paper describes a recursive algorithm that determines the reorder cycle-time that minimizes total logistics cost. It allows for a realistic accounting of shipping cost, which is modelled here as a function of shipping distance and weight. The algorithm uses a relaxation procedure to identify a suitable initial approximation to the optimal order cycle-time and then, through a series of recursive steps, moves to the optimal result. We demonstrate the algorithm with a single item, with a group of items that share a common order cycle, and with multi-items when item demands are random variables. Experience with this algorithm indicates that it converges to the optimal result in a very few steps.     

The effect of Erbium concentration on the optical spectrum of Erbium-doped fiber laser

We report an experimental observation of the influence of concentration of Er³⁺ ions in an Erbiumdoped silica fiber on the spectral characteristics of an erbium fiber laser. Our basic conclusion is that an increase of erbium concentration in the fiber results in the laser optical spectrum narrowing. We also discuss possible mechanisms responsible for this effect.     

Measurement of the Seperation between Atoms beyond Diffraction Limit

We propose a scheme to obtain the distance of two identical atoms placed inside the standing wave field by monitoring the collective resonance fluorescence spectrum emitted by the two particles. We find three different parameter ranges, depending on the distance of the atoms as compared to the transition wavelength. For large interparticle distances, dipole-dipole coupling is negligible, and the main system evolution arises from the interaction with the standing wave field. In the small-distance limit, the dynamics is dominated by the dipole-dipole interaction. Finally, in the intermediate region, a rich interplay of the various couplings arises, which however is lifted for strong driving laser fields. The present measurement procedure allows us to distinguish the three cases. In each of the cases, we show how to determine the distance of the two particles and their respective positions relative to the nodes of the standing wave field with fractional-wavelength precision.     

Noiselike magnetic resonance fine structure for ferromagnetic powders: Dipole-dipole interaction effects

A noiselike fine structure of ferromagnetic resonance spectra in magnetic powders was investigated after ultrasonic treatment. Magnetic interactions between particles are proved to have an influence upon the fine structure formation. After decreasing dipole-dipole magnetic interactions in dilute suspension a special order appears in fine-structure spectra, which is generally the same for different systems.     

Magnetic-field-induced valence transition in EuNi2(Si1−x Gex)2 in fields up to 500 T

The critical fields of the valence transition induced by a magnetic field in the EuNi₂(Si_1?x Ge_x)₂ (x=0.5–0.75) compound in an intermediate valence state are measured. The magnetic-field-induced valence transition is observed in the low-concentration range down to x=0.5. It is demonstrated that the critical field increases linearly with a decrease in the germanium concentration.     

The influence of interatomic distances on magnetic ordering in RMnSi compounds (R=La, Y, Sm, and Gd)

Magnetic ordering in the RMnSi (R=La, Y, Sm, and Gd) compounds is investigated. It is found that the type of magnetic ordering depends on the d _Mn-Mn distance between manganese atoms inside the magnetic layers located in the planes perpendicular to the c axis. This inference is based on the results of studies performed with SmMnSi and GdMnSi compounds in which the distances between manganese atoms are close to the critical value d _Mn-Mn that corresponds to the crossover between ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic ordering in RMnSi compounds. The introduction of lanthanum and yttrium atoms into the rare-earth sublattice leads to an increase and a decrease in the unit cell size, respectively, and brings about magnetic phase transitions in the compounds under investigation.     

Effect of gamma irradiation on photoconversion characteristics of metal/gallium arsenide barrier structures with textured interface

The effect of ⁶⁰Co gamma irradiation at doses of 10³-2×10⁵ Gy on the photoconversion and dark I-V characteristics of Au/GaAs surface-barrier solar cells (SCs) is studied. The morphology of the interface microrelief is varied to reach the highest photoconversion efficiency. Of the two types of microrelief morphology (dendritic and quasi-grating) obtained by the chemical anisotropic etching of n-(100)GaAs, the latter is more promising, particularly for SCs designed for space application, since the associated SCs offer higher efficiency and radiation resistance.     

On the Determination of the Absolute Intensities of Vibrational-Rotational Lines of XY3 Molecules with C 3v Symmetry

Analytical formulas are derived that describe the dependences of the transition probabilities in vibrational-rotational spectra of XY₃-type molecules with C _3v symmetry on the rotational quantum numbers.