溶解平衡的动态投影演示

演示目的使学生弄清“溶解平衡是动态平衡”,平衡时:①v 溶解=v 结晶,即单位时间里溶质微粒脱离固体表面向溶液里扩散的数目等于从溶液里回到固体表面的数目;②(残余)固体溶质的质量和溶液的浓度不发生变化。灯片制作取两张硬纸片按下面甲、乙两图剪去黑线及中心(圆)部分,(两纸片中心圆大小相同),再将它们分别固定在两张明胶片上,然后以两纸片的中心为轴,将两片复合起来,使乙片可以相对甲片转动(中心为转轴)。这样便制得一个简易的活动幻灯片。     

高效率连续激光二极管泵浦Cr∶LiSAF激光器

报道了500mW激光二极管端面泵浦Cr∶LiSAF激光器连续运转的实验研究结果.特别是在分析了泵浦光与腔模的耦合情况后,提出了一套与泵浦源相适应的准直聚焦系统,提高了耦合效率.实验对两种不同掺杂浓度和不同形状的Cr∶LiSAF晶体进行了研究,在850nm的中心波长处获得最大输出功率分别为20mW和13mW,斜效率分别为10.3%和7.8%,并对实验结果作了讨论.     

激光引发DNA及多聚核苷酸与SO4.-作用的闪光光谱研究

运用２４８ｎｍ激光光解瞬态吸收光谱研究了ＳＯ４·－与ＤＮＡ及其核苷酸和多聚核苷酸ｐｏｌｙ［Ｇ］、ｐｏｌｙ［Ａ］和ｐｏｌｙ［Ｃ］的相互作用,观察了各体系的作用过程,结果表明,ｐｏｌｙ［Ｇ］、ｐｏｌｙ［Ａ］与ＳＯ４·－发生单电子氧化反应生成嘌呤端基自由基;ｄＣＭＰ与ＳＯ４·－单电子氧化生成阳离子自由基,随后与水反应生成５－羟基－６Ｃ自由基;而ｐｏｌｙ［Ｃ］,ＳＯ４·－先在碱基上加成,生成的加成自由基再从核糖上抽氢生成Ｃ２’－糖自由基;ＤＮＡ与ＳＯ４·－作用生成的主要瞬态产物是鸟嘌呤端基自由基。     

Highly selective molecular recognition and high throughput detection of melamine based on molecularly imprinted sol-gel film

Multimode reader has been generally applied in immunoassay, and in the proposed paper, the 96 well micro-plate was modified with molecularly imprinted melamine sol-gel film, based on which the highly selective and high throughput detection of melamine was achieved. Melamine was imprinted into silica sol-gel films directly using phenyltrimethoxysilane and methyltrimethoxysilane as functionalized organosilicon precursors. The binding characteristic of the imprinted film to melamine was evaluated by equilibrium binding experiments and the morphology was studied by scanning electronic microscope (SEM). Scatchard analysis was carried out to estimate the binding parameters of the imprinted film. The proposed method exhibited excellent selectivity because of specific recognition of MM by molecularly imprinted film. Under the optimum conditions, the chemiluminescence (CL) intensity had a linear relationship against the concentration of melamine over the range of 0.1-50 μg mL⁻¹ with a lower detection limit of 0.02 μg mL⁻¹.     

Preparation of a blocked isocyanate compound and its grafting onto styrene-b-(ethylene-co-1-butene)-b-styrene triblock copolymer

The ε-caprolactam was used to block the isocyanate group to enhance the storage stability of allyl (3-isocyanate-4-tolyl) carbamate. The spectra of FTIR and NMR showed that blocked allyl (3-isocyanate-4-tolyl) carbamate (BTAI) possesses two chemical functions, an 1-olefin double bond and a blocked isocyanate group. The FTIR spectrum showed BTAI could regenerate isocyanate group at elevated temperature. DSC and TG/DTA indicated the minimal dissociation temperature was about 135 °C and the maximal dissociation rate appeared at 226 °C. Then the styrene-b-(ethylene-co-1-butene)-b-styrene triblock copolymer (SEBS) was functionalized by BTAI via melt free radical grafting. The effect of temperature, monomer and initiator concentrations on the grafting degree and grafting efficiency was evaluated. The highest grafting degree was obtained at 200 °C. The grafting degree and grafting efficiency increased with the enhanced concentration of BTAI or initiator. The weight-average molecular weight (M_w) increased greatly at higher initiator concentration and lower ratio of the monomer/initiator. And the molecule weight distribution (MWD) of the modified SEBS became wider than that of pure SEBS. It is obvious that shearing thinning behavior of grafted SEBS is more profound than pure SEBS.     

A generalization of Fan’s results: Distribution of cycle lengths in graphs

Fan [G. Fan, Distribution of cycle lengths in graphs, J. Combin. Theory Ser. B 84 (2002) 187-202] proved that if G is a graph with minimum degree δ(G)≥3k for any positive integer k, then G contains k+1 cycles C₀,C₁,…,C_k such that k+1<|E(C₀)|<|E(C₁)|<?<|E(C_k)|, |E(C_i)−E(C_i−1)|=2, 1≤i≤k−1, and 1≤|E(C_k)|−|E(C_k−1)|≤2, and furthermore, if δ(G)≥3k+1, then |E(C_k)|−|E(C_k−1)|=2. In this paper, we generalize Fan’s result, and show that if we let G be a graph with minimum degree δ(G)≥3, for any positive integer k (if k≥2, then δ(G)≥4), if d_G(u)+d_G(v)≥6k−1 for every pair of adjacent vertices u,v∈V(G), then G contains k+1 cycles C₀,C₁,…,C_k such that k+1<|E(C₀)|<|E(C₁)|<?<|E(C_k)|, |E(C_i)−E(C_i−1)|=2, 1≤i≤k−1, and 1≤|E(C_k)|−|E(C_k−1)|≤2, and furthermore, if d_G(u)+d_G(v)≥6k+1, then |E(C_k)|−|E(C_k−1)|=2.     

REGULARITY OF ENTROPY SOLUTIONS TO NONCONVEX SCALAR CONSERVATION LAWS WITH MONOTONE INITIAL DATA

We prove that for a given strictly increasing initial datum in Ck, the solution of the initial value problem is piecewise Ck smooth except for flux functions of nonconvex conservation laws in a certain subset of C^k＋1 of first category, defined in the range of the initial datum.     

Dual-color operation of a femtosecond optical parametric oscillator exhibiting stable relative carrier-envelope phase-slip frequencies

A femtosecond optical parametric oscillator is demonstrated that can operate in a regime where two signal pulses with well-separated center wavelengths are simultaneously resonant. Measurements show that the oscillator output contains a stable modulation at a frequency corresponding to the difference in the carrier-envelope phase-slip frequencies of the co-resonant pulses. The physical origin of this internal beat signal is attributed to second-order mixing effects, and its frequency is shown to be consistent with theory.     

蓝藻水华衍生的微囊藻毒素污染及其对水生生物的生态毒理学研究

富营养化导致的蓝藻水华频发,引发各种衍生物污染,严重时造成重大生态灾害事件,甚至危及人类健康。其中微囊藻毒素以其毒性大、分布广和结构稳定的特点,成为水环境中常见的潜在危害物质,它主要由微囊藻产生,是一类具有多种异构体的环状七肽物质。本文根据微囊藻毒素污染现状及其水生生态毒理学研究的最新研究进展,介绍了微囊藻毒素的理化性质及其产生、迁移和转化,在我国天然水体、水库源水和饮用水中的污染现状以及部分水产品中的微囊藻毒素累积情况,较全面地评述了微囊藻毒素的分子致毒机理以及对水生生态系统的重要组成成分--常见水生植物和鱼类的生态毒理学效应,并提出了该领域未来研究的主要方向。     

Effects of gradient coupling on amplitude death in nonidentical oscillators

The effects of the gradient coupling on the amplitude death in an array and a ring of diffusively coupled nonidentical oscillators are explored, respectively. The gradient coupling plays a significant role on the amplitude death dynamics, however, it is strongly related to the boundary conditions of the coupled system. With the increment of the gradient coupling, the domain of the amplitude death is monotonically enlarged in an array of coupled oscillators. However, for a ring of coupled oscillators, it is firstly enlarged and then decreased as the gradient coupling increases. The domain of the amplitude death in parameter space is analytically predicted for a small number of gradiently coupled oscillators.