甲缩醛的合成与重整制氢

综述了甲缩醛(DMM)的合成及其重整制氢研究的最新进展.甲醇选择氧化直接合成DMM的工艺路线短、成本低,是一种合成DMM的新技术,所使用的催化剂要求兼具酸性和redox性能,表面酸性和redox的匹配是获得甲醇高转化率和DMM高选择性的关键.已研究过的性能较好的催化剂体系有负载型Re氧化物、酸性修饰的V2O5/TiO2以及含有Mo和V等的多组分无定形复合氧化物等,在这些催化剂上,甲醇转化率可达60%,DMM选择性可达90%,副产物主要为甲酸甲酯,还有少量甲醛.与甲醇相比,DMM的毒性较低,容易在环境中降解,用DMM代替甲醇进行重整制氢是一种为燃料电池提供移动氢源的新方案.DMM重整制氢需要兼具酸性和金属的双功能复合催化剂,其中酸性组分应当具有很高的DMM水解活性.硝酸处理的高表面积酸性碳材料H-HSPRC(由酚醛树脂碳化得到)具有很高的DMM水解活性,其与传统的CuZnAI催化剂组成的复合催化剂CuZnAl-H-HSPRC具有很高的DMM重整制氢速率,513K时生成H2的速率可达7410ml/(g·h),高于相同温度下CuZnAI催化剂上甲醇重整的产H2速率.     

Room-temperature hydrogen uptake by TiO(2) nanotubes

TiO(2) nanotubes can reproducibly store up to approximately 2 wt % H(2) at room temperature and 6 MPa. However, only about 75% of this stored hydrogen can be released when the hydrogen pressure is lowered to ambient conditions, suggesting that both physisorption and chemisorption are responsible for the hydrogen uptake. FTIR spectroscopy, temperature-programmed desorption (TPD), and pressure-composition (P-C) isotherms suggest that 75% of the H(2) is physisorbed and can be reversibly released upon pressure reduction. Approximately 13% is weakly chemisorbed and can be released at 70 degrees C as H(2), and approximately 12% is bonded to oxide ions and released only at temperatures above 120 degrees C as H(2)O.     

Optimization of MgO/Al2O3 ratio for the maximization of active site densities in the Ni2P/MgAlO catalysts for the hydrotreating reactions

The Ni₂P/MgAlO catalysts with different MgO/Al₂O₃ ratios were prepared by the phosphidation of corresponding Ni/Mg Al O catalysts with triphenylphosphine in liquid phase.It was found that the MgO/Al₂O₃ ratio affected the Ni₂P/MgAlO catalysts significantly.The Ni₂P/Mg Al O catalyst with the MgO/Al₂O₃ ratio of 3（w/w） exhibited the highly dispersed Ni₂ P particles（～9 nm） with the highest CO uptake（344 μmol/g）and thus the highest activities for the hydrotreating reactions.However,based on the CO uptakes on the used catalysts,the TOF values for the hydrodesulphurization of dibenzothiophene as well as those for the hydrogenation of tetralin on all the Ni₂P/MgAlO catalysts were respectively similar,indicating that the MgO/Al₂O₃ ratio did not affect the intrinsic activities of Ni₂ P supported on the MgAlO support for the hydrotreating reactions.     

高分散费-托合成铁/活性炭催化剂的研究——Ⅰ.铁/活性炭催化剂的恒温还原及其穆斯堡尔谱

使用原位穆斯堡尔谱研究了非担载铁氧化物和不同担载量的铁/活性炭催化剂在不同温度下的还原,详细分析了活性炭载体上高分散超顺磁铁物类的穆斯堡尔谱。还原前铁/活性炭催化剂中的铁物类为结构松散的α-Fe_2O_3和没有充分脱水的氧化铁,铁的担载量不很小时可经Fe_3O_4还原到金属态,但活性炭载体可稳定Fe~(3+)使之难以还原,在500℃氢气中大部分铁才还原为金属。铁的担载量很小时,其还原以Fe~(2+)为中间产物,0.2%Fe/AC氢气化剂在500℃氢气还原18小时生成磁分裂金属铁和超顺磁金属铁(δ=0.37mm/s,△=0,H=0),其正的同质异能移表示了铁-活性炭间的电荷转移。     

Surface Acidity／Basicity and Catalytic Reactivity of CeO2／γ—A12O3 Catalysts for the Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Ethane with Carbon Dioxide to Ethylene

Dehydrogenation of ethane to ethylene in CO2 was investigated over CeO2/γ-Al2O3 catalysts at 700℃ in a conventional flow reactor operating at atmospheric pressure. XRD, BET and microcalorimetric adsorption techniques were used to characterize the structure and surface acidity/basicity of the CeO2/γ-Al2O3 catalysts. The results show that the surface acidity decreased while the surface basicity increased after the addition of CeO2 to γ-Al2O3. Accordingly, the activity of the hydrogenation reaction of CO2 increased, which might be responsible for the enhanced conversion in the dehydrogenation of ethane to ethylene. The highest ethane conversion obtained was about 15% for the 25?O2/γ-Al2O3. The selectivity to ethylene was high for all the CeO2, γ-Al2O3 and CeO2/γ-Al2O3 catalysts.     

甲苯,甲醇苯环烷基化ZSM—5沸石催化剂的吸附量热研究

研究了甲苯、甲醇在一系列ＺＳＭ－５沸石催化剂上生成二甲苯的烷基化反应，以Ｈ３为探针分子，用微分吸附量热法表征了这些催化剂的酸性，并与催化活性关联。结果发现，ＨＺＳＭ－５沸石上既有强酸位，又有弱酸位，反应产物为热力学平衡组成的二甲苯异构体，浸渍了镁之后，强酸位被中和ＭｇＺＳＭ－５（２），吸附热位于１３４－８０ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ之间，弱酸位吸附热和要品单位面积上的吸覆盖度几乎没变。ＭｇＺＳＭ－５（２）沸石上     

高分散费-托合成/铁活性炭催化剂的研究——Ⅱ.铁-锰催化剂的恒温还原及其穆斯堡尔谱

使用原位穆斯堡尔谱考察了非担载铁-锰氧化物和铁-锰/活性炭(Fe-Mn/AC)催化剂在不同温度下的还原。还原前Fe-Mn/AC催化剂中存在的为超顺磁α-(Fe_1-_xMn_x)_2O_3和没有充分脱水的铁-锰氧化物。铁的还原同时受铁-锰和铁-活性炭相互作用的影响,载体活性炭使F~(3+)相对稳定而难以还原,锰则促进铁还原到Fe~(2+)并形成相对稳定的FeO-MnO固溶体而难以还原到Fe~0。对4%Mn-8%Fe/AC催化剂,即使在500℃氢气中处理,仍有相当数量的Fe~(3+)和Fe~(2+)不能还原。     

Surface structure and reaction performances of highly dispersed and supported bimetallic catalysts

Surface structures of Pt-Sn and Pt-Fe bimetallic catalysts have been investigated by means of Mssbauer spectroscopy, Pt-L_Ⅲ-edge EXAFS and H_2-adsorption. The results showed that the second component, such as Sn or Fe, remained in the oxidative state and dispersed on the γ-Al_2O_3 surface after reduction, while Pt was completely reduced to the metallic state and dispersed on either the metal oxide surface or the γ-Al_2O_3 surface. By correlating the distribution of Pt species on different surfaces with the reaction and adsorption performances, it is proposed that two kinds of active Pt species existed on the surfaces of both catalysts, named M_1 sites and M_2 sites. M_1 sites are the sites in which Pt directly anchored on the γ-Al_2O_3 surface, while M_2 sites are those in which Pt anchored on the metal oxide surface. M_1 sites are favorable for low temperature H_2 adsorption, and responsible for the hydrogenolysis reaction and carbon deposition, while M_2 sites which adsorb more H_2 at higher tem     

B-P-O系催化剂表面酸性的吸附量热研究

制备了不同P／B比的W-P-O系催化剂，XRD和Raman光谱表明各样品中P和B都处于四面体结构中，但Raman光谱显示P／B＜1的样品表面有B的三配位物相B2O3。存在．用吸附量热法考察了NH3、H2O及二甲醚（DME）等探针分子的吸附行为，研究了样品的表面酸性，NH3在P／B＞1的样品上发生解离吸附，而在P／B＜1的样品上，其起始吸附热与在γ-Al2O3上的相似．进一步的研究表明，二甲醚可以作为合适的探针分子表征B-P-O系催化剂的表面酸性．     

利用荷移带的浓度效应测定[5,10,15,20]-四取代基卟啉氯化铁络合物的含量

研究了8个新合成的四取代苯基卟啉氯化铁络合物的紫外－可见光谱，对在三氯甲烷溶剂中荷移带约240nm处λmax随测试溶液浓度增加而红移的规律进行了计算机拟合，拟合修正公式为，相关系数达0．998，本文用拟合公式对络合物含量进行测定，相对误差为0．05～4．9％。本文还对该系列络合物的紫外－可见光谱主要吸收峰作了归属，也研究了取代基效应。